Macromolecules Flashcards
Examples of carbs
breads, beans, milk, corn, potatoes
Examples of Lipids
fats, oils, acids, and certain vitamins
Examples of Protein
meat, fish, eggs dairy
Examples of Nucleic acid
DNA, RNA
What is carbohydrates monomer
2 disaccharides
What is lipids monomer
Glycerol and fatty acid
What is protein monomer
amino acids
What is nucleic acids monomer
nucleotide
What are organic compunds
high energy biological molecules composed of hydrogen and carbon
What is the importance of carbon
Can easily bond to several other carbon atoms in chains and rings to form large complex molecules.
Whats a monomer
simple subunit of macromolecules
What is a polymer
many monomers linked together
Whats a macromolecule (and what are the 4 main groups)
large organic polymers, essential to life process. Includes Carbs, proteins, Lipids and Nucleic acids
Are there macromolecules in cells?
Yes, thousands of them
What is the structure of carbs
Rings of carbon
H
l
C
/ \\
H---c c ---H
ll l
H---c c---H
\ //
C
l
HWhat is carbs made of
(CHO) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
What is lipids structure
Long carbon chains
(saturated below unsaturated has a bend)
H H H H H H H H
O \ l l l l l l l l
C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C –H
O / l l l l l l l l
l H H H H H H H H
H
Do lipids mix with water
No they are hydrophobic
Whats the function of lipids
Energy, insulation, cell membrane
Whats and example of saturated vs unsaturated lipids
Saturated are tightly packed: butter
Unsaturated: oil
What is lipids made of
(CHO) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What is the structure of protiens
complex folded shape
H\ H /O
\ l //
H----N-------C-------C
/ l \
H/ R \O
R group
variantWhats the functions of protiens
structure (hair, nails) defense (anti-bodies)
Transport (hemoglobin) Movement (muscle fibers)
Regulation (hormones, enzymes)
What is protein made of
(CHON) Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Nucleic acid structure
long stands
Nucleic acid function
carry genetic code for making proteins
Nucleic acid is made of
(CHONP) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous
How many strands are in DNA
double stranded with base paring
Number of strands in RNA
Single strands
Type of sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
Type of sugar in RNA
ribose
Nitrogenous Bases DNA
Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
Nitrogenous Bases RNA
adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine
Whats the indicator test for carbs
For a simple carb: Benedicts solution
Complex carb: Iodine test
Name the results of benidicts solution
Positive- turns orange
Negative- stays blue
Name the results of Iodine test
Positive- turns black/purple
Negative- stays red/orange
Whats the indicator test for lipids
Brown paper bag test or Sudan III or IV
Name the results of Brown paper bag test
Positive- “see through” grease spots
Negative- No grease spots/dries fully
Name the results of Sudan III or IV
Positive- forms red bubbles/globs
Negative- evenly distributed color
How do you test for proteins
buirets solution
Name the results of buriets soultion
Positive- turns purple
Negative- stays blue
How do you test Nucleic acid
Dische diphenylamine test
name the results of Dische diphenylamine test
Positive- dark purple
Negative- stays clear or light blue
What does the ph measure
amount of H+ and OH- in a solution
What is the ph scale range
0-14
What is pure water on the ph scale
7 (neutral)
A solution with below a 7 ph is considered to be…
acidic
A solution with a ph above 7 is considered to be…
basic
What do cells use to resist a big change in ph
buffers
