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Macromolecules Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Examples of carbs

A

breads, beans, milk, corn, potatoes

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2
Q

Examples of Lipids

A

fats, oils, acids, and certain vitamins

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3
Q

Examples of Protein

A

meat, fish, eggs dairy

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4
Q

Examples of Nucleic acid

A

DNA, RNA

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5
Q

What is carbohydrates monomer

A

2 disaccharides

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6
Q

What is lipids monomer

A

Glycerol and fatty acid

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7
Q

What is protein monomer

A

amino acids

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8
Q

What is nucleic acids monomer

A

nucleotide

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9
Q

What are organic compunds

A

high energy biological molecules composed of hydrogen and carbon

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10
Q

What is the importance of carbon

A

Can easily bond to several other carbon atoms in chains and rings to form large complex molecules.

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11
Q

Whats a monomer

A

simple subunit of macromolecules

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12
Q

What is a polymer

A

many monomers linked together

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13
Q

Whats a macromolecule (and what are the 4 main groups)

A

large organic polymers, essential to life process. Includes Carbs, proteins, Lipids and Nucleic acids

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14
Q

Are there macromolecules in cells?

A

Yes, thousands of them

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15
Q

What is the structure of carbs

A 
Rings of carbon
                       H
                         l
                        C
          /                          \\
 H---c                              c ---H
       ll                               l
 H---c                              c---H
         \                           //
                        C
                         l
                        H
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16
Q

What is carbs made of

A

(CHO) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

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17
Q

What is lipids structure

A

Long carbon chains
(saturated below unsaturated has a bend)
H H H H H H H H
O \ l l l l l l l l
C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C –H
O / l l l l l l l l
l H H H H H H H H
H

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18
Q

Do lipids mix with water

A

No they are hydrophobic

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19
Q

Whats the function of lipids

A

Energy, insulation, cell membrane

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20
Q

Whats and example of saturated vs unsaturated lipids

A

Saturated are tightly packed: butter

Unsaturated: oil

21
Q

What is lipids made of

A

(CHO) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

22
Q

What is the structure of protiens

A 
complex folded shape
  H\            H             /O
       \           l           //
H----N-------C-------C
       /           l           \             
  H/             R            \O
              R group
               variant
23
Q

Whats the functions of protiens

A

structure (hair, nails) defense (anti-bodies)
Transport (hemoglobin) Movement (muscle fibers)
Regulation (hormones, enzymes)

24
Q

What is protein made of

A

(CHON) Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

25
Q

Nucleic acid structure

A

long stands

26
Q

Nucleic acid function

A

carry genetic code for making proteins

27
Q

Nucleic acid is made of

A

(CHONP) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous

28
Q

How many strands are in DNA

A

double stranded with base paring

29
Q

Number of strands in RNA

A

Single strands

30
Q

Type of sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

31
Q

Type of sugar in RNA

A

ribose

32
Q

Nitrogenous Bases DNA

A

Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

33
Q

Nitrogenous Bases RNA

A

adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine

34
Q

Whats the indicator test for carbs

A

For a simple carb: Benedicts solution

Complex carb: Iodine test

35
Q

Name the results of benidicts solution

A

Positive- turns orange

Negative- stays blue

36
Q

Name the results of Iodine test

A

Positive- turns black/purple

Negative- stays red/orange

37
Q

Whats the indicator test for lipids

A

Brown paper bag test or Sudan III or IV

38
Q

Name the results of Brown paper bag test

A

Positive- “see through” grease spots

Negative- No grease spots/dries fully

39
Q

Name the results of Sudan III or IV

A

Positive- forms red bubbles/globs

Negative- evenly distributed color

40
Q

How do you test for proteins

A

buirets solution

41
Q

Name the results of buriets soultion

A

Positive- turns purple

Negative- stays blue

42
Q

How do you test Nucleic acid

A

Dische diphenylamine test

43
Q

name the results of Dische diphenylamine test

A

Positive- dark purple

Negative- stays clear or light blue

44
Q

What does the ph measure

A

amount of H+ and OH- in a solution

45
Q

What is the ph scale range

A

0-14

46
Q

What is pure water on the ph scale

A

7 (neutral)

47
Q

A solution with below a 7 ph is considered to be…

A

acidic

48
Q

A solution with a ph above 7 is considered to be…

A

basic

49
Q

What do cells use to resist a big change in ph

A

buffers

Bio (24 decks)

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