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DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

DexoxyriboNucleic Acid

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2
Q

What is DNA made up of

A

DNA is made up of monomers called nucleotides

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3
Q

Whats a monomer

A

a molecule that can be bonded with other IDENTICAL molecules (forms polymer)

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4
Q

What is the function of DNA

A

store genetic material

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of nucleotide (letters)

A

A, T, C, G

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6
Q

What does the structure look like (DNA)

A

2 strand in a double helix

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7
Q

Are the hydrogen bonds weak or strong

A

weak

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8
Q

What are examples of a helix

A

spiral staircase, corkscrew

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9
Q

Go to slide 8: Whats A

A

Adenine

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10
Q

Go to slide 8: Whats B

A

thymine

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11
Q

Go to slide 8: Whats C

A

cytosine

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12
Q

Go to slide 8: Whats D

A

guanine

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13
Q

Where is DNA located/ packaged

A

Chromosomes

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14
Q

When chromosomes un-condense do they have to undo all of the chromosome

A

No, they can just take a section

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15
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Stores genetic information (Name)

A

DNA

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16
Q

An enzyme that separates DNA strands

A

DNA Helicase

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17
Q

This enzyme builds the new DNA strands using the old strands as a template.

A

DNA polymerase

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18
Q

The building blocks of DNA. Made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone and a nitrogenous base.

A

Nucleotide

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19
Q

DNA replication is called —— because the new DNA molecules contain one original strand and one new strand

A

Semiconservative

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20
Q

States that the amount of A always equals the amount of T nucleotides and amount of C = G

A

Chargaffs rule

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21
Q

——- are proteins that DNA coils tightly around ​​​​​​​

A

Histones

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22
Q

What are the 4 nucleotides in DNA (words)

A

Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine

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23
Q

What are the 4 nucleotide in RNA

A

Uracil, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine

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24
Q

What year was DNA confirmed as as the hereditary genetic material

A

1952

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25
Q

What did Chargaff state

A

Amount of A always equals amount of T and C always equals the amount of G

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26
Q

Name 2 things Watson and Crick did

A
  • Built models using Chargaffs and Franklin data
  • proposed double-helix structure with base parings between two DNA stands
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27
Q

Who Took X-ray crystallography photos of DNA.

A

Franklin

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28
Q

What was Rosalind Franklin skilled at

A

crystallography

29
Q

Was Rosalind Franklin taken seriously

A

No

30
Q

What happened to Franklin’s famous photo 51

A

it was given to Watson without her permission

31
Q

When did Rosalind Franklin die

A

1958 at 37

32
Q

Why is it believed that Franklin died

A

From working with X-rays, she had ovarian cancer

33
Q

Describe the events surrounding the Nobel peace prize in 1962

A

-Franklin’s photo 51 was given to Watson without her permission
- Franklin died
- Watson and Crick won the Nobel peace price (from photo 51)
- Franklin was not credited for her work

34
Q

What hold one strand of DNA together (molecule)

A

Phosphate and sugar form the phosphate sugar backbone which holds one strand of DNA together

35
Q

What creates the genetic code for DNA

A

Nitrogen base

36
Q

What does the nitrogen base do for the structure

A

The base connects with the opposite strand of DNA to hold the two strands of double helix together

37
Q

What holds each strand together with strong covalent bonds

A

Phosphate- sugar backbone

38
Q

What connects two stands with hydrogen bonds

A

Nitrogen base pairs

39
Q

What are the DNA base paring rules (letter pairing)

A

A and T
C and G

40
Q

When is there one full turn DNA

A

every 10 base pairs

41
Q

What cell in your body contains an identical copy of your DNA on 46 chromosomes.

A

All

42
Q

When DNA is stretched out is it a short or long distance

A

long as a football field

43
Q

If guanine makes up 15 percent of the bases in a specific DNA molecule, what percentage of the bases are cytosine

A

15%

44
Q

Cytosine always pairs with

A

Guanine

45
Q

The two men who established the structure of DNA were

A

Watson and Crick

46
Q

The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are made of

A

Base pairs

47
Q

Adenine always pairs with

A

thymine

48
Q

An enzyme that separates DNA strands

A

Helicase

49
Q

A Y shaped point that results when the two strands of DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated

A

Replication Fork

50
Q

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule

A

DNA polymerase

51
Q

In each DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is from the new

A

Semi-Conversation replication

52
Q

A change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule

A

Mutation

53
Q

Is DNA the shape of a twisted ladder called a double helix.

A

yes

54
Q

Does DNA have two strands that form a branched chain called a branched helix.

A

NO

55
Q

Go to slide 10: Whats A

A

Phosphate group

56
Q

Go to slide 10: Whats B

A

Sugar

57
Q

Go to slide 10: Whats C

A

Nitrogenous base

58
Q

The twisted ladder shape of DNA is called

A

Double Helix

59
Q

What Complements T

A

A

60
Q

The sugar found in DNA is called

A

dexoyribose

61
Q

Go to slide 11: What is the arrow pointing to

A

a (nitrogen) Base

62
Q

A nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

A

nucleotide

63
Q

A five carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides

A

dexoyribose

64
Q

An organic base that contains nitrogen such as purine or pyrimidine, a subunit of nucleotide in DNA or RNA

A

Nitrogenous bases

65
Q

Adenine or guanine a nitrogenous base found in DNA or RNA

A

Purine

66
Q

thymine, cytosine or uracil, nitrogenous base found in DNA or RNA

A

Pyrimidine

67
Q

The rules that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and that Adenine pairs with uracil in RNA

A

Base Pairing rule

68
Q

The DNA molecule is held together by

A

Hydrogen bonds

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