DNA Flashcards
What does DNA stand for
DexoxyriboNucleic Acid
What is DNA made up of
DNA is made up of monomers called nucleotides
Whats a monomer
a molecule that can be bonded with other IDENTICAL molecules (forms polymer)
What is the function of DNA
store genetic material
What are the 4 types of nucleotide (letters)
A, T, C, G
What does the structure look like (DNA)
2 strand in a double helix
Are the hydrogen bonds weak or strong
weak
What are examples of a helix
spiral staircase, corkscrew
Go to slide 8: Whats A
Adenine
Go to slide 8: Whats B
thymine
Go to slide 8: Whats C
cytosine
Go to slide 8: Whats D
guanine
Where is DNA located/ packaged
Chromosomes
When chromosomes un-condense do they have to undo all of the chromosome
No, they can just take a section
Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Stores genetic information (Name)
DNA
An enzyme that separates DNA strands
DNA Helicase
This enzyme builds the new DNA strands using the old strands as a template.
DNA polymerase
The building blocks of DNA. Made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone and a nitrogenous base.
Nucleotide
DNA replication is called —— because the new DNA molecules contain one original strand and one new strand
Semiconservative
States that the amount of A always equals the amount of T nucleotides and amount of C = G
Chargaffs rule
——- are proteins that DNA coils tightly around
Histones
What are the 4 nucleotides in DNA (words)
Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine
What are the 4 nucleotide in RNA
Uracil, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine
What year was DNA confirmed as as the hereditary genetic material
1952
What did Chargaff state
Amount of A always equals amount of T and C always equals the amount of G
Name 2 things Watson and Crick did
- Built models using Chargaffs and Franklin data
- proposed double-helix structure with base parings between two DNA stands
Who Took X-ray crystallography photos of DNA.
Franklin
What was Rosalind Franklin skilled at
crystallography
Was Rosalind Franklin taken seriously
No
What happened to Franklin’s famous photo 51
it was given to Watson without her permission
When did Rosalind Franklin die
1958 at 37
Why is it believed that Franklin died
From working with X-rays, she had ovarian cancer
Describe the events surrounding the Nobel peace prize in 1962
-Franklin’s photo 51 was given to Watson without her permission
- Franklin died
- Watson and Crick won the Nobel peace price (from photo 51)
- Franklin was not credited for her work
What hold one strand of DNA together (molecule)
Phosphate and sugar form the phosphate sugar backbone which holds one strand of DNA together
What creates the genetic code for DNA
Nitrogen base
What does the nitrogen base do for the structure
The base connects with the opposite strand of DNA to hold the two strands of double helix together
What holds each strand together with strong covalent bonds
Phosphate- sugar backbone
What connects two stands with hydrogen bonds
Nitrogen base pairs
What are the DNA base paring rules (letter pairing)
A and T
C and G
When is there one full turn DNA
every 10 base pairs
What cell in your body contains an identical copy of your DNA on 46 chromosomes.
All
When DNA is stretched out is it a short or long distance
long as a football field
If guanine makes up 15 percent of the bases in a specific DNA molecule, what percentage of the bases are cytosine
15%
Cytosine always pairs with
Guanine
The two men who established the structure of DNA were
Watson and Crick
The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are made of
Base pairs
Adenine always pairs with
thymine
An enzyme that separates DNA strands
Helicase
A Y shaped point that results when the two strands of DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated
Replication Fork
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule
DNA polymerase
In each DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is from the new
Semi-Conversation replication
A change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule
Mutation
Is DNA the shape of a twisted ladder called a double helix.
yes
Does DNA have two strands that form a branched chain called a branched helix.
NO
Go to slide 10: Whats A
Phosphate group
Go to slide 10: Whats B
Sugar
Go to slide 10: Whats C
Nitrogenous base
The twisted ladder shape of DNA is called
Double Helix
What Complements T
A
The sugar found in DNA is called
dexoyribose
Go to slide 11: What is the arrow pointing to
a (nitrogen) Base
A nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
nucleotide
A five carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides
dexoyribose
An organic base that contains nitrogen such as purine or pyrimidine, a subunit of nucleotide in DNA or RNA
Nitrogenous bases
Adenine or guanine a nitrogenous base found in DNA or RNA
Purine
thymine, cytosine or uracil, nitrogenous base found in DNA or RNA
Pyrimidine
The rules that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and that Adenine pairs with uracil in RNA
Base Pairing rule
The DNA molecule is held together by
Hydrogen bonds
