Cell Transport 8/9/22 Flashcards
What are all cells surrounded/covered by
Cell membrane
what does the cell membrane do
controls what enters and leaves the cell
What does selectively permeable mean
it allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out.
Whats a phospholipid bilayer
The two layers phospholipids arranged tail to tail
Name the 2 parts of phospholipids
polar heads, fatty acid tails
Is the polar head hydrophilic or hydrophobic
hydrophilic, loves water
are the fatty acid tails hydrophobic or hydrophilic
hydrophobic, afraid of water
What does hydrophilic mean
Loves water
What does hydrophobic mean
afraid of water
Cells environment are mostly ——
water
What happens when the fatty acid tails come in contact with water
They repel and arrange in a double layer
What is the fluid Mosaic model, and what are the 3 parts
phospholipids create a sea in which the other molecules can float. 1. transport proteins 2. cholesterol 3.Carbohydrates
What do the 3 parts of the fluid Mosaic model do
- transport proteins- allow specific molecules through
- cholesterol- stabilizes the membrane
- Carbs- important for cell recognition
Whats concentration gradient
the difference in concentration inside the cells vs. outside
Whats diffusion
the net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient (high to low concentration)
whats a solvent and solute
solvent- liquid
solute- dissolved solid
Whats passive transport
Materials can move through the
membrane down their concentration
gradient (from high to low) with NO
energy input from the cell.
What are the 3 types of passive transport
- simple diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- osmosis
Whats simple diffusion
small molecules move directly thorough the cell membrane from high to low
Whats facilitated diffusion
large or charged molecules move through a transport protein in the cell membrane from high to low
Whats osmosis
Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane, net movement is water is towards low water (high solute) concentration
Whats osmotic pressure
the pressure that develops due to
osmosis.
Whats hypotonic
The solution is less concentrated then the cell, water moves into the cell
Whats hypertonic
The solution is more concentrated then the cell, water will move out of the cell
Whats isotonic
the solution is the same as the cell, water will stay the same
Whats lysis
When water mainly enters the cell, the cell may burst
Whats crenation
When water mainly leaves the cell and it shrivels up
In a plant cell what happens when you have a hypotonic solution
vacuoles fill up with water and pressure is created
Whats plasmolysis
cytoplasm shrinks
Dynamic equilibrium
The concentration inside the cell is the same as outside the cell
During what does dynamic equilibrium happen,
passive transport
Whats active transport
In order to move materials through
the membrane against their
concentration gradient (from low to
high), the cell must use energy. (The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient)
Whats a protein pump used in/for
active transport, A protein pump is used to pump
molecules across the membrane against
their concentration gradient.
In active transport molecules move from ____ to ____
low to high
In active transport movement is facilitated by ____
specific carrier protiens
Whats bulk transport
To move large materials into or out of the
cell, cells use bulk transport. In this method,
cells surround materials with the membrane
and form capsules called vesicles.
Whats endocytosis
the membrane pinches in to take particles into the cell
Whats exctosytosis
particles surrounded by membrane are moved out of the cell
