Mutations Vocab

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

sequence of DNA nucleotide bases that code for a specific trait

Question 2

Point Mutation

Answer 2

SINGLE nucleotide base pair is altered (EX AGU -> ACU) Substitution, and Frameshift (insertion and deletion)

Question 3

Substitution

Answer 3

when one nucleotide is copied wrong

Question 4

Frameshift

Answer 4

results in the rest of the codons shifting up or down insertation (one is added), deletion (one is deleated)

Question 5

Silent mutation

Answer 5

when a single DNA nucleotide” changes but it doesn’t change the sequence of amino acids

Question 6

missense mutation

Answer 6

genetic alteration where a single base pair substitution changes the genetic code + amino ocid`

Question 7

nonsense mutation

Answer 7

a dna alteration that makes them sequence end early w/ a stop codon aka termination mutation

Question 8

Aneuploidy

Answer 8

caused by nondisjunction during meiosis means not coming apart. 2 types, Monosomy and trisomy

Question 9

Karyotype

Answer 9

number and visual appearance of the chromosomes of an organism arranged by width, thickness pattern, and in homologyous pairs

Question 10

tetrad

Answer 10

2 homologous chromosomes each made up of 2 sister Chromatids

Question 11

Crossing over

Answer 11

2 homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material mitosis undergoes I division, meiosis undergoes 2 divisions

Question 12

trisomy

Answer 12

having 3 chromosomes instead of 2