Viticulture - Disease and Pests, Role of Grower

Question 1

Grapevine diseases can be cause by what 3 things

Answer 1

Viruses, Fungi & bacteria

Question 2

______ diseases can be spread by propagating infected vine cuttings can result in what type of disease?

Answer 2

Viral

Question 3

____ disease spread by insects and animals that carry the microbes?

Answer 3

Bacterial

Question 4

The bacterial contamination of a vine resulting in premature leaf fall is known as

Answer 4

Pierces disease

Question 5

Pierces disease is caused by what insect?

Answer 5

Glassy winged sharpshooter

Question 6

Fungal diseases are generally spread by

Answer 6

airborne spores in humid conditions

Question 7

Powdery mildew is also known as

Answer 7

Oidium

Question 8

Dawny mildew is also known as

Answer 8

Peronospora

Question 9

Gray mold is also known as

Answer 9

Botrytis cinerea

Question 10

Edelfaule is also known as

Answer 10

What the Germans call Botrytis cinerea

Question 11

Pourriture noble is also knows as

Answer 11

What the French call Botrytis cinerea

Question 12

Botrytis characteristic aroma has been described as being similar to

Answer 12

Honeysuckle

Question 13

Morning fog followed by sun can encourage what disease that produced sweet dessert wines?

Answer 13

Botrytis cinerea

Question 14

Phylloxera is native to what country?

Answer 14

US

Question 15

The tiny louse responsible for the devestation of Europe’s vineyards is called

Answer 15

Phylloxera

Question 16

List phylloxera free areas of the world to the extent that they can sustain ungraphed vines?

Answer 16

isolated regions that phyloxera was never introduced

Sandy soil isinhospitable

Question 17

Name 2 soil based grapevine pests

Answer 17

Phylloxera and nematodes

Question 18

The roundworm the feeds on a vines roots is known as

Answer 18

Nematodes

Question 19

What crop can be used as a biofumigant against nematodes?

Answer 19

Mustard

Question 20

List larger than insect pest that threaten vineyards?

Answer 20

bird, deer, wild pigs

-fencing or netting to defend

Question 21

How many nodes will a typical grower leave on a vine?

Answer 21

the correct number depends of several factors

typically a dozen or so are kept

Question 22

Name two pruning stratagies/methods.

Answer 22

Cane & spur pruning

Question 23

Describe cane pruning.

Answer 23

Grower allows one or two year old shoots (not yet woody) to remain
6- 10 nodes , or buds

Question 24

Describe spur pruning.

Answer 24

several canes are left and are trimmed to only a few inches

each cane has 1 or 2 notes each

Question 25

define canopy management?

Answer 25

``` alter the position or number of shoots and grape clusters includes: Shoot positioning pruning, leaf thinning -all of which help to control vine vigor ```

Question 26

What training system is generally used around the world

Answer 26

The trellis training system

Question 27

Name 4 common vine training systems.

Answer 27

Pergola, bush/head, Guyot and Cordon

Question 28

Describe bush or dead training

Answer 28

No trellis is used. vine grow like a bush or miniature tree spur pruning

Question 29

What cane pruned system has canes trained along a wire all in one direction?

Answer 29

Guyot system

Question 30

The Guyot training system uses what pruning technique?

Answer 30

Cane pruning

Question 31

The bush/head training system uses what pruning technique?

Answer 31

Spur pruning

Question 32

The cordon training system uses what pruning technique?

Answer 32

Spur pruning

Question 33

Vertical shoot positioning (VSP) is used in which training systems?

Answer 33

Guyot and cordon systems

Question 34

In the US the sugar level in the must is measured in

Answer 34

Degrees Brix

Question 35

What is the most common tool used to measure grape sugar?

Answer 35

Refractometer

Question 36

What is the calculation to determine the potential alcohol level when you know the Brix?

Answer 36

5/9, or 55% of the Brix value | rough estimate is Divide by 2

Question 37

What is the name of the unit of measurement for grape sugar in France?

Answer 37

Baume

Question 38

What is the name of the unit of measurement for grape sugar in Germany and Switzerland?

Answer 38

Oechsle

Question 39

What country uses Klosterneuburger Mostwaage (KMW) as their until of measurement of grape sugar?

Answer 39

Austria

Question 40

Describe the basic tenants of Organic Viticulture?

Answer 40

without use of manufactures fertilizers or pesticides | -one of the fasted growing segments

Question 41

US's accredited body that over sees organic viticulture certification?

Answer 41

US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Organic Program (NOP)

Question 42

National Organic Program (NOP)'s requirements for viticulture?

Answer 42

Free from all prohibited material for at least 3 years before certification no banned chemicals usage THE Exception: some chemicals allowed if no acceptable substitutes eg: Various sulfur mixes

Question 43

What is on the biodynamic calendar?

Answer 43

fruit days, leaf days, flower days, and root days -each of which has own ideal vineyard activity harvest, pruning, watering, or leave vines alone

Question 44

Certification body for biodynamic viticulture?

Answer 44

Demeter International

Question 45

Sustainable viticulture define?

Answer 45

same goals as organic and biodynamic but considers a grayscale -want to leave the land better than found does not provide set of rule on THE correct path includes analysis of social goals and econ viability

Question 46

What type of viticulture practice addresses change in climate and green house gases?

Answer 46

Sustainable

Question 47

Reasons for pruning and it is done when?

Answer 47

excess foliage & branches, greenery between vine rows, and equipment repaired vine growth energy is focused on a smaller number of berries = higher quality fruit

Question 48

Describe the pergola training system

Answer 48

trained up on tall supports | allowed to spread out horizontally, with fruit hanging down