Portugal

Question 1

What are the three climates of Portugal?

Answer 1

Maritime - coastal northern influenced by the Atlantic
Mediterranean - costal south warmer, less rain
Continental- patch work of mountains, interior is arid

Question 2

Portugal’s most common red variety is

Answer 2

Castelao - leading red grape

• predominantly planted in the south
• age worthy, comblex, herbaceous or produced fruit froward easy drinking red & rose

Question 3

What are three grape varieties are used in Port and also unfortified red wines?

Answer 3

Touriga National- frim structure and black fruit
Touriga Franc - floral, blackberry, plum
Tinta Roriz - (Temprianillo) red fruit, olive, herbal

Question 4

What Portugese red variety is extremely tannic?

Answer 4

Baga
often aged in older barrels
age worthy robust with plum and tobacco notes

Question 5

The white varieties of Vinho Verde are

Answer 5

Loureiro and Alvarinho

In Spain known as Loureia and Albarino

Question 6

What are the white “noble” grapes of Madeira?

Answer 6

Sercial,
Verdelho,
Bual,
Malvasia (Mamsey)

Question 7

Vinho Verde produces white, rose and red wines. T or F

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are the three subregions of The Douro Valley?

Answer 8

Biaxo Corgo, Cima Corgo, Douro Superior

Question 9

What are the five preferred grapes for port?

Answer 9

Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
Tinta Barroca
Tinta Cao

Question 10

What are the predominant grape varieties for white port?

Answer 10

Malvasia Fina

Gouveio

Question 11

The DOC for Port in the Douro Valley has a unique and complex vineyard ranking system called the

Answer 11

cadastro

altitude — yield —-locality
awarding / subtracting points to arrive a final score

Question 12

Based on the Cadastro system, vineyards are ranked from ____ to _____.

Answer 12

A (high) to F (low)

Question 13

The beneficio refers to what?

Answer 13

The volume of Port that a vineyard is allowed to produce.

Question 14

Quinta means

Answer 14

estate or vineyard.

Question 15

List the styles of Port

Answer 15

Ruby      ----      Reserve
LBV            ---   Tawny
Vintage       ----   Single Quinta
Colheita            ---- White 
Rose

Question 16

Port is fortified before, during or after the fermentation process?

Answer 16

During

Question 17

The basic style of Port is

Answer 17

Ruby

Question 18

What’s the difference between a Vintage Port and a LBV Port

Answer 18

Both are from a single vintage,
LBV is filtered before bottling and ready to be consumed upon release.
Vintage- approved by Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto & can age in bottle for decades

Question 19

What is a Colheita Port?

Answer 19

A single vintage tawny Port aged in cask for at least 7 years.

Question 20

Which style port if made in both off-dry and sweet styles and served as a aperitif?

Answer 20

White Port

Question 21

Portugal’s two most famous fortified wines are

Answer 21

Port and Madiera

Question 22

The term used to describe Madiera’s “cooking” process is

Answer 22

maderization

Question 23

Vineyards in Madiera are irrigated via

Answer 23

levadas (canals)

Question 24

What are the two main ways to maderize Madiera wines?

Answer 24

Canteiro Method

Estufagem Process

Question 25

What is an estufa?

Answer 25

A steel vat

Question 26

What are cantieros?

Answer 26

Rafters

Question 27

What is the benefit for each of the estufagem methods?

Answer 27

Cuba de calor- benefit is that is less expensive | Armazem de calor - benefit it takes less time.

Question 28

List the classic styles of Madiera from driest to sweetest?

Answer 28

Sercial- extra dry or dry, highly acidic, apertiff Verdelho- off dry or medium dry, honeyed, smoky Bual- sweet, raisiny, medium rich, highly aromatic Malmsey- very sweet, somewhat soft, very rich

Question 29

The finest Ports are considered to be from what subregion of the Douro DOC?

Answer 29

Cima Corgo

Question 30

what is the lowest classification level in Portugal?

Answer 30

Vinho- which is base wine | represents about 1/4 of production

Question 31

What is the PGI level called in Portugal classification?

Answer 31

PGI really is Indicacao Geografica Protegida or Vinho Regional accounts for about 1/4 of production 14 registered regions

Question 32

name the highest classification of Portuguese wine?

Answer 32

DOC- Donominaco de origem controlada for which there are 31 DOCs PDO- Denominacao de Origem Protegida

Question 33

describe Vinho Verde?

Answer 33

``` Petillant, mineral tart low abv - 8.5% high acid fresh citrus character White: Alvarinho or Loureiro - MLF discouraged Red: Vinhao and MLF encouraged ```

Question 34

The Douro was defined in what year

Answer 34

1756

Question 35

Baxio Corgo?

Answer 35

western most region of the Douro fertile, ample rainfall lighter styles port

Question 36

Cima Corgo

Answer 36

center Douro region steep rocky slopes, shist and granite that has to be terraced produce the finest ports majority of the vineyards and production here

Question 37

Douro Superior

Answer 37

Eastern region of Douro more extreme temperature than other 2 regions largest physical but less than 1/4 under vine produces much of the unfortified

Question 38

open granite or concreate troughs for foot crushing grapes are called?

Answer 38

Lagares | -done to quickly impart color into juice with out imparting tannins

Question 39

Port is fortified to

Answer 39

19 to 22% with a neutral grape spirit

Question 40

Port was placed into barrels called ___ in flat bottom boats called ____ to where? and why?

Answer 40

Pipes Baroco Rabelos Oporto and or Vila Nova de Gaia - high humidity and cooler temperatures, minimal evaporation or maderization

Question 41

describe a Reserve port?

Answer 41

Premium ruby Ports bottles after 4 to 6 years aging | -are more like tawny in style

Question 42

Late bottle Vintage LBV?

Answer 42

single vintage aged 4-6 years filtered before bottling intended to be consumed upon release

Question 43

Tawny?

Answer 43

oxidized from ruby to golden brown Reserve at least for 7 years those with age (10, 20, 30) state age is average

Question 44

Vintage port

Answer 44

single year's harvest declared by producer but approved by IVDP must be bottle 3rd year after harvest, and continue aging in bottle for decades reflective of growing conditions

Question 45

Colheita Port

Answer 45

single vintage tawny port age 7 years in cask typically much longer very few vintner product this style

Question 46

Geography and climate of Maderia?

Answer 46

400 miles off the coast of Morocco small volcanic island , 1,830 M above sea level vines planted on steep, terraced slopes mild subtropical, little variation in temp levadas- system of irrigation, system of canals

Question 47

list the styles of Maderia?

Answer 47

Rainwater- off dry, 3 years old Reserve- between 5 and 10 years old Special Reserve - between 10 and 15 years old Extra Reserve- between 15 and 20 years old Age Indication- 20 years, 30 or 40 Colheita- produced from single vintage 85% aged for at least 5 years Frasqueira- 20 y min, 85% state vintage, topped off with younger wine while ageing