Portugal Flashcards
What are the three climates of Portugal?
Maritime - coastal northern influenced by the Atlantic
Mediterranean - costal south warmer, less rain
Continental- patch work of mountains, interior is arid
Portugal’s most common red variety is
Castelao - leading red grape
- predominantly planted in the south
- age worthy, comblex, herbaceous or produced fruit froward easy drinking red & rose
What are three grape varieties are used in Port and also unfortified red wines?
Touriga National- frim structure and black fruit
Touriga Franc - floral, blackberry, plum
Tinta Roriz - (Temprianillo) red fruit, olive, herbal
What Portugese red variety is extremely tannic?
Baga
often aged in older barrels
age worthy robust with plum and tobacco notes
The white varieties of Vinho Verde are
Loureiro and Alvarinho
In Spain known as Loureia and Albarino
What are the white “noble” grapes of Madeira?
Sercial,
Verdelho,
Bual,
Malvasia (Mamsey)
Vinho Verde produces white, rose and red wines. T or F
True
What are the three subregions of The Douro Valley?
Biaxo Corgo, Cima Corgo, Douro Superior
What are the five preferred grapes for port?
Touriga Nacional Touriga Franca Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo) Tinta Barroca Tinta Cao
What are the predominant grape varieties for white port?
Malvasia Fina
Gouveio
The DOC for Port in the Douro Valley has a unique and complex vineyard ranking system called the
cadastro
altitude — yield —-locality
awarding / subtracting points to arrive a final score
Based on the Cadastro system, vineyards are ranked from ____ to _____.
A (high) to F (low)
The beneficio refers to what?
The volume of Port that a vineyard is allowed to produce.
Quinta means
estate or vineyard.
List the styles of Port
Ruby ---- Reserve LBV --- Tawny Vintage ---- Single Quinta Colheita ---- White Rose
Port is fortified before, during or after the fermentation process?
During
The basic style of Port is
Ruby
What’s the difference between a Vintage Port and a LBV Port
Both are from a single vintage,
LBV is filtered before bottling and ready to be consumed upon release.
Vintage- approved by Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto & can age in bottle for decades
What is a Colheita Port?
A single vintage tawny Port aged in cask for at least 7 years.
Which style port if made in both off-dry and sweet styles and served as a aperitif?
White Port
Portugal’s two most famous fortified wines are
Port and Madiera
The term used to describe Madiera’s “cooking” process is
maderization
Vineyards in Madiera are irrigated via
levadas (canals)
What are the two main ways to maderize Madiera wines?
Canteiro Method
Estufagem Process
What is an estufa?
A steel vat
What are cantieros?
Rafters
What is the benefit for each of the estufagem methods?
Cuba de calor- benefit is that is less expensive
Armazem de calor - benefit it takes less time.
List the classic styles of Madiera from driest to sweetest?
Sercial- extra dry or dry, highly acidic, apertiff
Verdelho- off dry or medium dry, honeyed, smoky
Bual- sweet, raisiny, medium rich, highly aromatic
Malmsey- very sweet, somewhat soft, very rich
The finest Ports are considered to be from what subregion of the Douro DOC?
Cima Corgo
what is the lowest classification level in Portugal?
Vinho- which is base wine
represents about 1/4 of production
What is the PGI level called in Portugal classification?
PGI really is Indicacao Geografica Protegida or Vinho Regional
accounts for about 1/4 of production
14 registered regions
name the highest classification of Portuguese wine?
DOC- Donominaco de origem controlada
for which there are 31 DOCs
PDO- Denominacao de Origem Protegida
describe Vinho Verde?
Petillant, mineral tart low abv - 8.5% high acid fresh citrus character White: Alvarinho or Loureiro - MLF discouraged Red: Vinhao and MLF encouraged
The Douro was defined in what year
1756
Baxio Corgo?
western most region of the Douro
fertile, ample rainfall
lighter styles port
Cima Corgo
center Douro region
steep rocky slopes, shist and granite that has to be terraced
produce the finest ports
majority of the vineyards and production here
Douro Superior
Eastern region of Douro
more extreme temperature than other 2 regions
largest physical but less than 1/4 under vine
produces much of the unfortified
open granite or concreate troughs for foot crushing grapes are called?
Lagares
-done to quickly impart color into juice with out imparting tannins
Port is fortified to
19 to 22% with a neutral grape spirit
Port was placed into barrels called ___ in flat bottom boats called ____ to where? and why?
Pipes
Baroco Rabelos
Oporto and or Vila Nova de Gaia
- high humidity and cooler temperatures, minimal evaporation or maderization
describe a Reserve port?
Premium ruby Ports bottles after 4 to 6 years aging
-are more like tawny in style
Late bottle Vintage LBV?
single vintage
aged 4-6 years
filtered before bottling
intended to be consumed upon release
Tawny?
oxidized from ruby to golden brown
Reserve at least for 7 years
those with age (10, 20, 30) state age is average
Vintage port
single year’s harvest
declared by producer but approved by IVDP
must be bottle 3rd year after harvest, and continue aging in bottle for decades
reflective of growing conditions
Colheita Port
single vintage tawny port
age 7 years in cask
typically much longer
very few vintner product this style
Geography and climate of Maderia?
400 miles off the coast of Morocco
small volcanic island , 1,830 M above sea level
vines planted on steep, terraced slopes
mild subtropical, little variation in temp
levadas- system of irrigation, system of canals
list the styles of Maderia?
Rainwater- off dry, 3 years old
Reserve- between 5 and 10 years old
Special Reserve - between 10 and 15 years old
Extra Reserve- between 15 and 20 years old
Age Indication- 20 years, 30 or 40
Colheita- produced from single vintage 85% aged for at least 5 years
Frasqueira- 20 y min, 85% state vintage, topped off with younger wine while ageing
