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2020 CSW > Grapes & Varieties- intro and White Grapes > Flashcards

Grapes & Varieties- intro and White Grapes Flashcards

1
Q

What genus do wine grapes belong to?

A

vitus

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2
Q

What species do wine grapes belong to?

A

Vitus vinifera

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3
Q

Where did vitus vinifera develop?

A

Caucasus mountains

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4
Q

What is the second most important grape species?

A

Vitis labrusca

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5
Q

Why is vitus lambrusca important today?

A

Phylloxera resistant

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6
Q

Where and when was v. lambrusca discovered?

A

North America colonial period

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7
Q

The flavor associated with v. lambrusca is described as

A

Foxy

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8
Q

What is phylloxera?

A

An aphid like insect that attacks vines

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9
Q

When did phylloxera ravage European vineyards?

A

19th century

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10
Q

What part of the vine is grafted onto the phylloxera resistant rootstock or trunk?

A

Scion

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11
Q

List the vine species that are used as rootstock?

A

Vitis labrusca - (la bra ska) concord grape
Vitis riparia - (Ra par e a) tolerant of water soggy soils, low vigor, useful in cool climates
Vitis Aestivalis- (as ti va lis) grows best in calcareous soil
Vitis rupestris - (ru pes tris) high tolerance for acidic soil, roots deeply and quickly, high vigor, boost vine growth in unfertile/ dry conditions

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12
Q

Define species.

A

A scientific group of plants or animals that are genetically similar, have broad characteristics in common and can reproduce via sexual reproduction.

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13
Q

What do you call a subspecies?

A

Variety

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14
Q

Define variety with regard to grapes.

A

It is an identifiable group of vines of the same species that share many characteristics of appearance, flavor and growth.

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15
Q

Define clones.

A

Propagated by asexual

  • perfect copies of parent
  • but when planted in new surroundings may result in fruit slightly different than parent
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16
Q

What could make a clone slightly different than it’s parent?

A

Growing conditions.

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17
Q

Define a mutation and give an example.

A

A mutation is derived from a vine that has developed different characteristics from its parents or fellow clones through imperfect reproduction of cells as it grow. An example would be Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc are mutants of Pinot Noir.

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18
Q

Define and cross and give an example.

A

A cross is the offspring between two different subspecies with in the same species
eg: Sauvignon Blanc and Cab. Franc creating Cabernet Sauvignon.

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19
Q

What do you call the result of sex. repro between two closely related but different species?

A

A hybrid.

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20
Q

Why are hybrids not typically used?

A

struggle to develop tannins

High acid.

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21
Q

Give an example of a hybrid grape that is used sometimes.

A

Seyval Blanc
Vidal Blanc
Baco noir

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22
Q

List 5 international varietals.

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot Noir

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23
Q

name an Italian indigenous varietal

A

Nebbiolo

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24
Q

Other terms for indigenous grapes are:

A

Native
traditional
antochthonous (aw-tock-toe-nous)

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25
Q

Name a popular and easy to grow white grape.

A

Chardonnay

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26
Q

Chardonnay is thought to be indigenous to where?

A

Burgundy

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27
Q

Describe “California style chardonnay”.

A

Lower acid and fuller body.

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28
Q

How does chardonnay benefit from the interaction of wood?

A

Takes on flavors of the oak.

Softens it.

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29
Q

What are the top producing countries of chardonnay?

A

France, US, Australia,

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30
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of cool climate chardonnay?

A

Green apple, melon

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31
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of warm climate chardonnay?

A

Tropical fruits.

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32
Q

Chardonnay’s aciditiy is what?

A

Medium to high.

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33
Q

Chardonnay’s alcohol is what?

A

Medium to high.

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34
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of an oaked chardonnay?

A

Vanilla, butterscotch, caramel, toast

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35
Q

What white grape is among the most versitile?

A

Chenin Blanc

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36
Q

How long can sweet/dessert chenin blancs store in cellar?

A

Up to decades.

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37
Q

What name does chenin blanc go by in South Africa?

A

Steen

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38
Q

Chenin Blanc represents what percentage of planting in South Africa?

A

18%

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39
Q

Where else does Chenin Blanc have significant plantings?

A

South Africa
Loire Valley,
Central Valley of California

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40
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of Chenin Blanc?

A

Green apples - yellow pear
melon - green plum
citrus - almond
white flowers - chamomile tea
honey (aged) - quince (aged)

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41
Q

What are the top prouducing countries of Chenin Blanc?

A

France, US, South Africa

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42
Q

What are some well known AOC examples of Chenin Blanc?

A

Vouvray, Savennieres, Saumur

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43
Q

Chenin Blanc alcohol is what?

A

medium to high

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44
Q

Chenin Blanc acid is what?

A

medium plus to high

45
Q

What ancient white grape variety can produce a wide range of sweet wines?

A

Muscat

46
Q

Name 3 other mutations/relations of muscat?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains,
Muscat of Alexandria
Muscat Ottonel.

47
Q

In what climate does muscat perform best:

A

Warm to hot.

48
Q

The best known muscat based wine is called what and from where?

A

Moscato d’Asti from Northern Italy

49
Q

What are the top producing countries for muscat?

A

France, Italy, Chile, Australia

50
Q

What are the characteristic aromas of Muscat?

A

honey, musk, orange blossom, floral, apricots

51
Q

The acid level of muscat is what?

A

low to medium

52
Q

The alcohol level of muscat is what?

A

medium to high

53
Q

What white grape variety has a dusty or light pink skin?

A

Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris

54
Q

Pinot Gris is a mutation of what grape?

A

Pinot Noir

55
Q

Cool climate Pinot Gris is produced where?

A

Oregon, Alsace & Germany

56
Q

What is the style profile of cool climate Pinot Gris?

A

apple, pear, almond aromas
Medium plus acidity,
medium to full body,

57
Q

What are the the German names for Pinot Gris?

A

Rulander or Graubugnder

58
Q

In what areas would you find a higher alcohol and less acidic Pinot Grigio?

A

California & Australia due to warmer climates

59
Q

What flavors are found in Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris?

A

Apple, melon, lemon, peach, minerals

60
Q

What is the acidity of Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris?

A

Low to high

61
Q

What is the alcohol of Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris?

A

Medium

62
Q

Well known examples of Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris are from

A

Northeastern Italy, Alsace, Oregon

63
Q

The top producing countries for Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris are

A

Italy - US
Germany, - France
Australia

64
Q

What white grape has an intensly floral aroma and petrol scent?

A

Riesling

65
Q

The alcohol level in a Riesling can go as low as

A

7 - 8%

66
Q

What is the acid level in a Riesling?

A

High to very high

67
Q

What is the american grape that is a synonym for Riesling?

A

White Riesling

68
Q

What are the top producing countries for Riesling?

A

Germany
Australia
France
US

69
Q

Well known examples of Riesling are from

A 
Germany Mosel, Rheingau, Rheinhessen and Pfaltz 
France:  Alsace
Australia: Clare & Eden Valleys 
NY: Finger Lakes in NY
Washington State
70
Q

What is the alcohol level in a Riesling?

A

low to very high

71
Q

What are aromas found in Riesling?

A

Peach, nectarine, honeysuckle, apricot, petrol and baking spices (well aged)

72
Q

Oak aged Sauvignon Blanc is known as

A

Fume Blanc - Robert Mondovi

Neutral oaked versions found in Bordeaux

73
Q

Sauvignon Blancs best know growing area is

A

New Zealand

74
Q

Sweet dessert wines from the Bordeaux area, including Sauternes, are from what white grape?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

75
Q

Sauvignon Blanc is frequently blended with what grape to balance acid in Bordeaux?

A

Semillon

76
Q

Well know examples of Sauvignon Blanc are from

A

France: Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume, White Bordeaux

New Zealand

77
Q

The top producing countries of Sauvignon Blanc are

A

New Zealand, France, US, Chile & South Africa

78
Q

The acid level of Sauvignon Blanc is

A

Medium plus to high.

79
Q

The alcohol level of Sauvignon Blanc is

A

medium

80
Q

The characteristic aromas of a cold climate Sauvignon Blanc are

A

Grass, hay, grapefruit, green pepper

81
Q

The characteristic aromas of a warm climate Sauvignon Blanc are

A

Melon, asparagus

82
Q

The characteristic aroma of a Loire Valley Sauvignon Blanc is

A

Flint

83
Q

The characteristic aromas of an oak aged Sauvignon Blanc is

A

toast, smoke

84
Q

The characteristic aromas of a New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc is

A

Gooseberry

85
Q

What white grape, due to its low natural acidity, is thought of as a blending partner?

A

Semillon

86
Q

A Chardonny/Semillon blend can be found where?

A

Australia

87
Q

What white grape has a distinct waxy or oily character?

A

Semillon

88
Q

What region in Australia is known for producing 100% Semillon?

A

Hunter Valley

89
Q

Viognier is typically found where in France?

A

Northern Rhone

90
Q

What grape has the Virginia Wine Board declared as their state grape?

A

Viognier

91
Q

The characteristic profile of Viognier is

A

Rich, full bodied, viscous

92
Q

The characteristic aromas of Viognier are

A

peach, flowers, tangerine

93
Q

What other names does Pinot Blanc go by in Italy, Germany & Austria?

A

Pinot Bianco in Italy, Weissburgunder in Germany and Austria

94
Q

What grape has the aromas of flowers, spice, lychee & rose?

A

Gewurtzraminer

95
Q

Where is Gewurtztraminer most prominent today?

A

Alsace

96
Q

Name a neutral white grape also used in balsamic vinegar?

A

Trebbiano

97
Q

What is the grape name for Trebbiano in France?

A

Ugni Blanc

98
Q

What white grape is also used for the production of brandy & cognac in France?

A

Ugni Blanc

99
Q

What is the white grape from Hungary?

A

Furmint

100
Q

Name indigenous white Italian grapes

A

Cortese, - Garganega
Glara ———– Verdicchio
Vermentino———— Vernaccia

101
Q

Name indigenous white grapes from Spain.

A

Albarino, Palamino,
Xarel-lo, Pedro Ximenez
Godello, Macabeo/ Viura
Verdejo

102
Q

Name a white grape indigenous to Switzerland.

A

Chasselas

103
Q

Name a white grape indigenous to Argentina

A

Torrentes

104
Q

Name a white grape indigenous to Austria.

A

Gruner Veltliner

105
Q

Name two white grapes significant in Germany

A

Muller Thurgau, Silvaner

106
Q

Name white grapes significant in Portugal.

A

Alvarinho, Arinto, Fernao Pires, Laoureiro

107
Q

Name white grapes significant in Greece.

A

Assyrtiko, Moschofilero, Rhoditis

108
Q

Name secondary white grapes significant in France.

A

Marsanne, Rousanne, Aligote

2020 CSW (35 decks)

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