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2020 CSW > Grapes & Varieties- intro and White Grapes > Flashcards

Grapes & Varieties- intro and White Grapes Flashcards

1
Q

What genus do wine grapes belong to?

A

vitus

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2
Q

What species do wine grapes belong to?

A

Vitus vinifera

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3
Q

Where did vitus vinifera develop?

A

Caucasus mountains

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4
Q

What is the second most important grape species?

A

Vitis labrusca

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5
Q

Why is vitus lambrusca important today?

A

Phylloxera resistant

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6
Q

Where and when was v. lambrusca discovered?

A

North America colonial period

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7
Q

The flavor associated with v. lambrusca is described as

A

Foxy

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8
Q

What is phylloxera?

A

An aphid like insect that attacks vines

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9
Q

When did phylloxera ravage European vineyards?

A

19th century

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10
Q

What part of the vine is grafted onto the phylloxera resistant rootstock or trunk?

A

Scion

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11
Q

List the vine species that are used as rootstock?

A

Vitis labrusca - (la bra ska) concord grape
Vitis riparia - (Ra par e a) tolerant of water soggy soils, low vigor, useful in cool climates
Vitis Aestivalis- (as ti va lis) grows best in calcareous soil
Vitis rupestris - (ru pes tris) high tolerance for acidic soil, roots deeply and quickly, high vigor, boost vine growth in unfertile/ dry conditions

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12
Q

Define species.

A

A scientific group of plants or animals that are genetically similar, have broad characteristics in common and can reproduce via sexual reproduction.

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13
Q

What do you call a subspecies?

A

Variety

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14
Q

Define variety with regard to grapes.

A

It is an identifiable group of vines of the same species that share many characteristics of appearance, flavor and growth.

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15
Q

Define clones.

A

Propagated by asexual

  • perfect copies of parent
  • but when planted in new surroundings may result in fruit slightly different than parent
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16
Q

What could make a clone slightly different than it’s parent?

A

Growing conditions.

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17
Q

Define a mutation and give an example.

A

A mutation is derived from a vine that has developed different characteristics from its parents or fellow clones through imperfect reproduction of cells as it grow. An example would be Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc are mutants of Pinot Noir.

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18
Q

Define and cross and give an example.

A

A cross is the offspring between two different subspecies with in the same species
eg: Sauvignon Blanc and Cab. Franc creating Cabernet Sauvignon.

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19
Q

What do you call the result of sex. repro between two closely related but different species?

A

A hybrid.

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20
Q

Why are hybrids not typically used?

A

struggle to develop tannins

High acid.

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21
Q

Give an example of a hybrid grape that is used sometimes.

A

Seyval Blanc
Vidal Blanc
Baco noir

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22
Q

List 5 international varietals.

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot Noir

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23
Q

name an Italian indigenous varietal

A

Nebbiolo

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24
Q

Other terms for indigenous grapes are:

A

Native
traditional
antochthonous (aw-tock-toe-nous)

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25
Name a popular and easy to grow white grape.
Chardonnay
26
Chardonnay is thought to be indigenous to where?
Burgundy
27
Describe "California style chardonnay".
Lower acid and fuller body.
28
How does chardonnay benefit from the interaction of wood?
Takes on flavors of the oak. | Softens it.
29
What are the top producing countries of chardonnay?
France, US, Australia,
30
What are the characteristic aromas of cool climate chardonnay?
Green apple, melon
31
What are the characteristic aromas of warm climate chardonnay?
Tropical fruits.
32
Chardonnay's aciditiy is what?
Medium to high.
33
Chardonnay's alcohol is what?
Medium to high.
34
What are the characteristic aromas of an oaked chardonnay?
Vanilla, butterscotch, caramel, toast
35
What white grape is among the most versitile?
Chenin Blanc
36
How long can sweet/dessert chenin blancs store in cellar?
Up to decades.
37
What name does chenin blanc go by in South Africa?
Steen
38
Chenin Blanc represents what percentage of planting in South Africa?
18%
39
Where else does Chenin Blanc have significant plantings?
South Africa Loire Valley, Central Valley of California
40
What are the characteristic aromas of Chenin Blanc?
Green apples - yellow pear melon - green plum citrus - almond white flowers - chamomile tea honey (aged) - quince (aged)
41
What are the top prouducing countries of Chenin Blanc?
France, US, South Africa
42
What are some well known AOC examples of Chenin Blanc?
Vouvray, Savennieres, Saumur
43
Chenin Blanc alcohol is what?
medium to high
44
Chenin Blanc acid is what?
medium plus to high
45
What ancient white grape variety can produce a wide range of sweet wines?
Muscat
46
Name 3 other mutations/relations of muscat?
Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains, Muscat of Alexandria Muscat Ottonel.
47
In what climate does muscat perform best:
Warm to hot.
48
The best known muscat based wine is called what and from where?
Moscato d'Asti from Northern Italy
49
What are the top producing countries for muscat?
France, Italy, Chile, Australia
50
What are the characteristic aromas of Muscat?
honey, musk, orange blossom, floral, apricots
51
The acid level of muscat is what?
low to medium
52
The alcohol level of muscat is what?
medium to high
53
What white grape variety has a dusty or light pink skin?
Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris
54
Pinot Gris is a mutation of what grape?
Pinot Noir
55
Cool climate Pinot Gris is produced where?
Oregon, Alsace & Germany
56
What is the style profile of cool climate Pinot Gris?
apple, pear, almond aromas Medium plus acidity, medium to full body,
57
What are the the German names for Pinot Gris?
Rulander or Graubugnder
58
In what areas would you find a higher alcohol and less acidic Pinot Grigio?
California & Australia due to warmer climates
59
What flavors are found in Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris?
Apple, melon, lemon, peach, minerals
60
What is the acidity of Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris?
Low to high
61
What is the alcohol of Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris?
Medium
62
Well known examples of Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris are from
Northeastern Italy, Alsace, Oregon
63
The top producing countries for Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris are
Italy - US Germany, - France Australia
64
What white grape has an intensly floral aroma and petrol scent?
Riesling
65
The alcohol level in a Riesling can go as low as
7 - 8%
66
What is the acid level in a Riesling?
High to very high
67
What is the american grape that is a synonym for Riesling?
White Riesling
68
What are the top producing countries for Riesling?
Germany Australia France US
69
Well known examples of Riesling are from
``` Germany Mosel, Rheingau, Rheinhessen and Pfaltz France: Alsace Australia: Clare & Eden Valleys NY: Finger Lakes in NY Washington State ```
70
What is the alcohol level in a Riesling?
low to very high
71
What are aromas found in Riesling?
Peach, nectarine, honeysuckle, apricot, petrol and baking spices (well aged)
72
Oak aged Sauvignon Blanc is known as
Fume Blanc - Robert Mondovi Neutral oaked versions found in Bordeaux
73
Sauvignon Blancs best know growing area is
New Zealand
74
Sweet dessert wines from the Bordeaux area, including Sauternes, are from what white grape?
Sauvignon Blanc
75
Sauvignon Blanc is frequently blended with what grape to balance acid in Bordeaux?
Semillon
76
Well know examples of Sauvignon Blanc are from
France: Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume, White Bordeaux | New Zealand
77
The top producing countries of Sauvignon Blanc are
New Zealand, France, US, Chile & South Africa
78
The acid level of Sauvignon Blanc is
Medium plus to high.
79
The alcohol level of Sauvignon Blanc is
medium
80
The characteristic aromas of a cold climate Sauvignon Blanc are
Grass, hay, grapefruit, green pepper
81
The characteristic aromas of a warm climate Sauvignon Blanc are
Melon, asparagus
82
The characteristic aroma of a Loire Valley Sauvignon Blanc is
Flint
83
The characteristic aromas of an oak aged Sauvignon Blanc is
toast, smoke
84
The characteristic aromas of a New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc is
Gooseberry
85
What white grape, due to its low natural acidity, is thought of as a blending partner?
Semillon
86
A Chardonny/Semillon blend can be found where?
Australia
87
What white grape has a distinct waxy or oily character?
Semillon
88
What region in Australia is known for producing 100% Semillon?
Hunter Valley
89
Viognier is typically found where in France?
Northern Rhone
90
What grape has the Virginia Wine Board declared as their state grape?
Viognier
91
The characteristic profile of Viognier is
Rich, full bodied, viscous
92
The characteristic aromas of Viognier are
peach, flowers, tangerine
93
What other names does Pinot Blanc go by in Italy, Germany & Austria?
Pinot Bianco in Italy, Weissburgunder in Germany and Austria
94
What grape has the aromas of flowers, spice, lychee & rose?
Gewurtzraminer
95
Where is Gewurtztraminer most prominent today?
Alsace
96
Name a neutral white grape also used in balsamic vinegar?
Trebbiano
97
What is the grape name for Trebbiano in France?
Ugni Blanc
98
What white grape is also used for the production of brandy & cognac in France?
Ugni Blanc
99
What is the white grape from Hungary?
Furmint
100
Name indigenous white Italian grapes
Cortese, - Garganega Glara ----------- Verdicchio Vermentino------------ Vernaccia
101
Name indigenous white grapes from Spain.
Albarino, Palamino, Xarel-lo, Pedro Ximenez Godello, Macabeo/ Viura Verdejo
102
Name a white grape indigenous to Switzerland.
Chasselas
103
Name a white grape indigenous to Argentina
Torrentes
104
Name a white grape indigenous to Austria.
Gruner Veltliner
105
Name two white grapes significant in Germany
Muller Thurgau, Silvaner
106
Name white grapes significant in Portugal.
Alvarinho, Arinto, Fernao Pires, Laoureiro
107
Name white grapes significant in Greece.
Assyrtiko, Moschofilero, Rhoditis
108
Name secondary white grapes significant in France.
Marsanne, Rousanne, Aligote

2020 CSW (35 decks)

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