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2020 CSW > US importance, history, wine laws > Flashcards

US importance, history, wine laws Flashcards

1
Q

California produces ____% of wine from North America.

A

88%
followed by Washington, New York, Oregon, Virginia, Texas, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Florida (order changes)

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2
Q

Mexico’s major wine regions can be found?

A

Baja California

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3
Q

Canada’s major wine regions can be found?

A

British Columbia
Great Lakes
Ontario

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4
Q

North American wine making began when?

A 
with the 1st colonist 
1560s in Florida native grapes
1600s in Jamestown colonists
European vines Texas and New Mexico
1620s New Mexico
1770s California
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5
Q

What happened that proved it difficult for the early colonists to produce wine?

A

Native grapes considered unpalatable

European vines didn’t grown well - diseases and Phylloxera

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6
Q

In what year did Prohibition start?

A

1920

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7
Q

What is the importance of the Concord Grape?

A

1800s - sustainable wine industry developed
disease resistant and pest resistant
more agreeable flavors

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8
Q

Highlights of western America’s wine development?

A

started as Spanish then Mexican territory
no grapevines, no demand
-vineyards started by Catholic missionaries -small scale for sacramental wine production in 1800s
came to be called the Mission grape

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9
Q

California’s significant viticulture point started why and when?

A

1849 when gold was discovered, following the Mexican War
population explosion in western territories, demand grew
-commercial wineries were started
-immigrants- Italy, Swiss, Germany

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10
Q

Prohibition lasted for how many years?

A

13

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11
Q

Legal exceptions during Prohibitions for making wine included?

A

2000 gallons for home consumption

religious and medicinal purposes

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12
Q

grape production increased in CA during Prohibition, why?

A

switch from noble varieties to less distinguished high yielding
Thompson Seedless
impact after Prohibition was that wines were made from blends, marketed “like” a Burgundy or “like” a Chablis which was misleading

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13
Q

Prohibition was repealed in what year?

A

1933

21st Amendment

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14
Q

When and who helped the US wine industry recover after Prohibition?

A

beginning in the 1960s -focus on quality wines to compete with French
Robert Mondavi
Mike Grgich
Warren Winiarski

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15
Q

What year was the Paris tasting?

A

1976

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16
Q

What wines won the Paris Tasting ?

A

Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars SLV Cab Sauv Napa CA 1973
Warren Winiarski

Chateau Montelena Chardonnay Calistoga CA 1973
Jim Barret

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17
Q

Importance of Ernest and Julio Gallo?

A

responsible for ensuring that there was consistent and reasonably priced wine for American tables.

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18
Q

Agoston Haraszthy’s importance in US wine industry?

A

Hungarian immigrant

brought many EU vines to Sonoma in 1861

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19
Q

Charles Krug’s importance in the US wine industry?

A

founder of the 1st Napa Valley winery in 1861

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20
Q

Nicholas Longworth’s importance in the US wine industry?

A

1st successful US commercial winery in 1830s

-produced 1st sparking wine from grapes from the OH River Valley

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21
Q

Robert Mondavi’s importance in the US wine industry

A

most instrumental in establishing the reputation of CA wine as quality among consumers

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22
Q

Frank Schoonmaker’s importance in the US wine industry

A

journalist credited with introducing and promoting the concept of varietal labeling
help CA define its wines

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23
Q

Andre Tchelistcheff’s importance in the US wine industry?

A

CA winemaker who introduced many modern techniques to the US and mentored many winemakers

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24
Q

Bob Trinchero’s importance in the US wine industry?

A

Son of Sutter Home Winery’s co founders- Mario
developed idea for White Zin
given its commercial success, saved Zin vines from being uprooted or abandoned

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25
Q

What are the three tiers of the US wine industry?

A

Producers or Suppliers -wineries, importers
Distributors or Wholesalers
Retailers- on/off premise

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26
Q

don’t cross the three tiered lines. particulars?

A
  • wineries sell to distributor, not directly to retailers or consumers
  • Foreign wineries must sell to US based importers
  • distributors cannot have direct ownership of winery or retail and cannot sell to public
  • retailer remain independent of other tiers
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27
Q

What is the organization on the federal level that is responsible for enforcing laws relevant to businesses engaged in alcohol production, importation and wholesale, and labeling and advertising.

A

TTB, Alcohol and tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau

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28
Q

Define a producer may sell to whom?

A

Production segment of the wine industry
may also be known as suppliers
sell to a distributor, and importer
sell direct to consumer at winery if allowed by state / local laws
sell direct to consumer by shipping courier if allowed by state

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29
Q

Distributors are licensed state by state. T or F

A

True
companies are licensed by stat by state
operate independently of producers and retailers (in theory)

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30
Q

What is a control state?

A

The Government takes over the role of distributor.

and is the only legal distribution agent

31
Q

What is a franchise state?

A

Individual states grant distributors exclusive relationships with suppliers.

32
Q

Areas in the US that have unifying viticulture characteristics are called

A

AVA. American Viticultural Area

33
Q

Explain the difference between US AVA system and EU appellation system

A

US has no rules regarding
1 approved grapes varieties to be followed in order to be permitted to use a place name
2 minimum / maximum crop yields
3 planting densities
4 Vinification techniques
TTB defined region = along political boundaries: eg: country, single US state, multistate (3 max),

34
Q

A place of origin in the US may be described as?

A

TTB defined region = along political boundaries: eg: country, single US state, multistate (3 max)
AVAs - along unified vinicultural characteristics regardless of where fall relative to political boundaries

35
Q

As of Dec 2019 how many AVA have been approved throughout the US?

A

246 distinct AVAs
in over 30 states
139 just in CA

36
Q

What is required by TTB to be on ALL US wine labels?

A

KHAN BOVS
Kind of wine, class or type – Brand name
Heath warning — Origin place
Alcohol content — Volume
Name and address of bottler / importer — Sulfite statement

37
Q

What items are optional for a wine bottle label?

A

LIVVAT
Label Art— Vintage
Info on winery, wine or related subject matter —-Appellation of origin
Variety —Term “estate bottled”

38
Q

US wine Labeling Laws– Brand Name

A

required
most prominent word(s) on a label
may be the producer
may be certain product line from a large producer
Proprietary name that identifies the wine

39
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws– Wine class or type?

A

Required
indication of kind of wine contained
cite grape variety or appellation on label
or specify TTB designated classes or types: table wine, sparking wine, red wine, fruit wine

40
Q

Define what semi generic names means

A

although clearly refer to European wine regions
names have been used outside the regions for so long and have lost their explicit reference to original zone
EG: American Chablis or American Port Wine California Champagne
-if approved prior to March 2006, then EU may be permitted to import to EU

41
Q

Examples of semi generic names?

A

they were using that term on their labels prior to 2006
American Chablis
California Port Wine
California Champagne

42
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws– Alcohol Content

A

Required mostly
if wine is 14% or less, the designated “table wine” may be used instead of exact percentage
If ABV is on label then variance plus or minus 1.5% between declared and actual is acceptable in US markets
If ABV is on label and wine is more than 14% ABV, then 1% variance acceptable

43
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws- Name and address of bottler

A

Required
defined as the person / company that has ultimate control over the content
for foreign wines- the importer
could be wine merchant/ negociant who bought bulk wine (Bottled by)
label must indicate involvement - Grown, produced, and bottle by or blended, cellared, and bottled by

44
Q

Us Wine Labeling Laws - Country of origin

A

Required must say country if imported to US
might be implied Napa County or Brunello di Montalcino
US required content be 75% of stated country

45
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws - Net Contents (volume)

A

Required

standard 750 mL or equivalent in oz 25.4 fluid Ounces

46
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws - Sulfite Statement

A

Required
wine containing 10 parts per million or more of sulfur dioxide
“Contains Sulfide” on label

47
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws- Health Warning

A

Required
“Government warning: according to the Surgeon General, women should not during alcoholic beverages during permanency because of the risk of birth defects”
“Consumption of alcoholic beverages impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery and may cause health problems”

48
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws Vintage Date

A

Optional
the Date is optional
But IF on label must meet criteria:
1 AVA or foreign equivalent minimum of 95% from that vintage stated
2 85% from place of origin listed US or country’s similar level: French IGP or Italian IGT

49
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws - Grape Variety

A

Optional
IF variety appears then must meet criteria
1 must have mim 75% of that variety, grown in that appellation
2 if no grape is 75% (EU 85%) then all grapes must be listed along with percentages
EXEPTIONS: Oregon requires at least 90% for named variety

50
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws - Meritage

A

Optional
1988 the Meritage Association formed in order to compete with Bordeaux w/out having to label as table wine
only members can use term
must be winery’s most expensive wine of its style and cannot exceed 25,000 cases production
at least 2 bordeaux grapes used
no one grape can be more than 90% of blend

51
Q

Meritage wines require a minimum of ___ grapes in the blend, and neither can be more than ___% of the total content.

A

2 grapes minimum, 90% max.

52
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws - appellation of origin

A

Optional Hierarchy based: Country, state, county, AVA, Vineyard
75% of grapes come from that location sufficient

53
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws - Appellation of Origin –exceptions on 75% from origin

A

CA and OR require 100% from state
WE requires 95% from state
AVAs require 85%
Vineyards require 95%

54
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws - Estate Bottled

A

Optional if mention then criteria:

  • grapes must come from one or more vineyard owned or leased by winery
  • vineyard(s) must be within a single AVA
  • winery must alto be located in that AVA
  • winery is involved in operation of the vineyards
55
Q

US Wine Labeling Laws- Unregulated information includes?

A 
Optional terms include: 
sensory attributes
recommended serving temp
history of winery
technical wine details 
terms like Reserve, special selection or old vines have no legal definition
56
Q

For AVA wines with a vintage, what is the minimum % of the wine in the bottle that must be from that year?

A

95%

57
Q

Varietal labeling requires ___% of the contents be from that named grape.

A

75% in US
85% in EU.
if US is imported to EU then must meet EU standards

58
Q

Oregon requires varietal labels ____% of the contents be from a named grape.

A

90%

59
Q

Name the Native American grapes

A 
Catawba - labrusca
Delaware - labrusca
Niagara - labrusca
Concord - labrusca
Norton - Muscadine grape, Scuppernong
60
Q

What is the native American grape related to the Scuppernong?

A

Norton- distinctly related to eh muscadine grape ___

61
Q

What is an American Hybrid-

A

speculation may have had vinifera ancestors

characteristics simulate that of Labrusca vines

62
Q

When Phylloxera was discovered, what was the new world’s role with regard to Native American species?

A

1 create hybrids - goal to develop resistant vines with vinifera flavor profile
2 neutralize Phylloxera through grafting

63
Q

Examples of French- American Hybrids include?

A

Seyval Blanc
Vidal Blanc
Chambeourcin

64
Q

How was neutralizing Phylloxera accomplished through grafting?

A

AM Root system would take root and grow into the lower trunk

vinifera 100% above

65
Q

Beyond neutralizing Phylloxera, what benefits were gained using American rootstock?

A

control vine’s growth rate

pair rootstock with specific soil and climate

66
Q

What two grape varieties are considered to be unique to the US in that there are very little to no other wines made with these varieties around the world?

A

Zinfandel and Petit Syrah

67
Q

zinfandel was brought to a US nursery by whom and when?

A

1820 - George Gibbs to a Long Island Nursery

1829 - Zinfardel which latter morphed into Zinfandel

68
Q

Petit Sirah AKA? and parents?

A

AKA Durif
Syrah x Pelousin
Francois Durif- French Botanist

69
Q

The approved US synonym for Sauvignon Blanc is

A

Fume Blanc

70
Q

The approved US synonym for Mourvedre is

A

Mataro

71
Q

The approved US synonym for Tempranillo is

A

Valdepenas

72
Q

The approved US synonym for Reisling is

A

White Reisling

73
Q

The approved US synonym for Muscat Canelli?

A

Muscat Blanc

74
Q

The approved US synonym for Ugni Blanc?

A

Trebbiano

2020 CSW (35 decks)

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