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2020 CSW > US importance, history, wine laws > Flashcards

US importance, history, wine laws Flashcards

1
Q

California produces ____% of wine from North America.

A

88%
followed by Washington, New York, Oregon, Virginia, Texas, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Florida (order changes)

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2
Q

Mexico’s major wine regions can be found?

A

Baja California

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3
Q

Canada’s major wine regions can be found?

A

British Columbia
Great Lakes
Ontario

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4
Q

North American wine making began when?

A 
with the 1st colonist 
1560s in Florida native grapes
1600s in Jamestown colonists
European vines Texas and New Mexico
1620s New Mexico
1770s California
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5
Q

What happened that proved it difficult for the early colonists to produce wine?

A

Native grapes considered unpalatable

European vines didn’t grown well - diseases and Phylloxera

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6
Q

In what year did Prohibition start?

A

1920

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7
Q

What is the importance of the Concord Grape?

A

1800s - sustainable wine industry developed
disease resistant and pest resistant
more agreeable flavors

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8
Q

Highlights of western America’s wine development?

A

started as Spanish then Mexican territory
no grapevines, no demand
-vineyards started by Catholic missionaries -small scale for sacramental wine production in 1800s
came to be called the Mission grape

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9
Q

California’s significant viticulture point started why and when?

A

1849 when gold was discovered, following the Mexican War
population explosion in western territories, demand grew
-commercial wineries were started
-immigrants- Italy, Swiss, Germany

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10
Q

Prohibition lasted for how many years?

A

13

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11
Q

Legal exceptions during Prohibitions for making wine included?

A

2000 gallons for home consumption

religious and medicinal purposes

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12
Q

grape production increased in CA during Prohibition, why?

A

switch from noble varieties to less distinguished high yielding
Thompson Seedless
impact after Prohibition was that wines were made from blends, marketed “like” a Burgundy or “like” a Chablis which was misleading

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13
Q

Prohibition was repealed in what year?

A

1933

21st Amendment

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14
Q

When and who helped the US wine industry recover after Prohibition?

A

beginning in the 1960s -focus on quality wines to compete with French
Robert Mondavi
Mike Grgich
Warren Winiarski

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15
Q

What year was the Paris tasting?

A

1976

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16
Q

What wines won the Paris Tasting ?

A

Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars SLV Cab Sauv Napa CA 1973
Warren Winiarski

Chateau Montelena Chardonnay Calistoga CA 1973
Jim Barret

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17
Q

Importance of Ernest and Julio Gallo?

A

responsible for ensuring that there was consistent and reasonably priced wine for American tables.

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18
Q

Agoston Haraszthy’s importance in US wine industry?

A

Hungarian immigrant

brought many EU vines to Sonoma in 1861

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19
Q

Charles Krug’s importance in the US wine industry?

A

founder of the 1st Napa Valley winery in 1861

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20
Q

Nicholas Longworth’s importance in the US wine industry?

A

1st successful US commercial winery in 1830s

-produced 1st sparking wine from grapes from the OH River Valley

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21
Q

Robert Mondavi’s importance in the US wine industry

A

most instrumental in establishing the reputation of CA wine as quality among consumers

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22
Q

Frank Schoonmaker’s importance in the US wine industry

A

journalist credited with introducing and promoting the concept of varietal labeling
help CA define its wines

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23
Q

Andre Tchelistcheff’s importance in the US wine industry?

A

CA winemaker who introduced many modern techniques to the US and mentored many winemakers

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24
Q

Bob Trinchero’s importance in the US wine industry?

A

Son of Sutter Home Winery’s co founders- Mario
developed idea for White Zin
given its commercial success, saved Zin vines from being uprooted or abandoned

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25
What are the three tiers of the US wine industry?
Producers or Suppliers -wineries, importers Distributors or Wholesalers Retailers- on/off premise
26
don't cross the three tiered lines. particulars?
- wineries sell to distributor, not directly to retailers or consumers - Foreign wineries must sell to US based importers - distributors cannot have direct ownership of winery or retail and cannot sell to public - retailer remain independent of other tiers
27
What is the organization on the federal level that is responsible for enforcing laws relevant to businesses engaged in alcohol production, importation and wholesale, and labeling and advertising.
TTB, Alcohol and tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
28
Define a producer may sell to whom?
Production segment of the wine industry may also be known as suppliers sell to a distributor, and importer sell direct to consumer at winery if allowed by state / local laws sell direct to consumer by shipping courier if allowed by state
29
Distributors are licensed state by state. T or F
True companies are licensed by stat by state operate independently of producers and retailers (in theory)
30
What is a control state?
The Government takes over the role of distributor. | and is the only legal distribution agent
31
What is a franchise state?
Individual states grant distributors exclusive relationships with suppliers.
32
Areas in the US that have unifying viticulture characteristics are called
AVA. American Viticultural Area
33
Explain the difference between US AVA system and EU appellation system
US has no rules regarding 1 approved grapes varieties to be followed in order to be permitted to use a place name 2 minimum / maximum crop yields 3 planting densities 4 Vinification techniques TTB defined region = along political boundaries: eg: country, single US state, multistate (3 max),
34
A place of origin in the US may be described as?
TTB defined region = along political boundaries: eg: country, single US state, multistate (3 max) AVAs - along unified vinicultural characteristics regardless of where fall relative to political boundaries
35
As of Dec 2019 how many AVA have been approved throughout the US?
246 distinct AVAs in over 30 states 139 just in CA
36
What is required by TTB to be on ALL US wine labels?
KHAN BOVS Kind of wine, class or type -- Brand name Heath warning --- Origin place Alcohol content --- Volume Name and address of bottler / importer --- Sulfite statement
37
What items are optional for a wine bottle label?
LIVVAT Label Art--- Vintage Info on winery, wine or related subject matter ----Appellation of origin Variety ---Term "estate bottled"
38
US wine Labeling Laws-- Brand Name
required most prominent word(s) on a label may be the producer may be certain product line from a large producer Proprietary name that identifies the wine
39
US Wine Labeling Laws-- Wine class or type?
Required indication of kind of wine contained cite grape variety or appellation on label or specify TTB designated classes or types: table wine, sparking wine, red wine, fruit wine
40
Define what semi generic names means
although clearly refer to European wine regions names have been used outside the regions for so long and have lost their explicit reference to original zone EG: American Chablis or American Port Wine California Champagne -if approved prior to March 2006, then EU may be permitted to import to EU
41
Examples of semi generic names?
they were using that term on their labels prior to 2006 American Chablis California Port Wine California Champagne
42
US Wine Labeling Laws-- Alcohol Content
Required mostly if wine is 14% or less, the designated "table wine" may be used instead of exact percentage If ABV is on label then variance plus or minus 1.5% between declared and actual is acceptable in US markets If ABV is on label and wine is more than 14% ABV, then 1% variance acceptable
43
US Wine Labeling Laws- Name and address of bottler
Required defined as the person / company that has ultimate control over the content for foreign wines- the importer could be wine merchant/ negociant who bought bulk wine (Bottled by) label must indicate involvement - Grown, produced, and bottle by or blended, cellared, and bottled by
44
Us Wine Labeling Laws - Country of origin
Required must say country if imported to US might be implied Napa County or Brunello di Montalcino US required content be 75% of stated country
45
US Wine Labeling Laws - Net Contents (volume)
Required | standard 750 mL or equivalent in oz 25.4 fluid Ounces
46
US Wine Labeling Laws - Sulfite Statement
Required wine containing 10 parts per million or more of sulfur dioxide "Contains Sulfide" on label
47
US Wine Labeling Laws- Health Warning
Required "Government warning: according to the Surgeon General, women should not during alcoholic beverages during permanency because of the risk of birth defects" "Consumption of alcoholic beverages impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery and may cause health problems"
48
US Wine Labeling Laws Vintage Date
Optional the Date is optional But IF on label must meet criteria: 1 AVA or foreign equivalent minimum of 95% from that vintage stated 2 85% from place of origin listed US or country's similar level: French IGP or Italian IGT
49
US Wine Labeling Laws - Grape Variety
Optional IF variety appears then must meet criteria 1 must have mim 75% of that variety, grown in that appellation 2 if no grape is 75% (EU 85%) then all grapes must be listed along with percentages EXEPTIONS: Oregon requires at least 90% for named variety
50
US Wine Labeling Laws - Meritage
Optional 1988 the Meritage Association formed in order to compete with Bordeaux w/out having to label as table wine only members can use term must be winery's most expensive wine of its style and cannot exceed 25,000 cases production at least 2 bordeaux grapes used no one grape can be more than 90% of blend
51
Meritage wines require a minimum of ___ grapes in the blend, and neither can be more than ___% of the total content.
2 grapes minimum, 90% max.
52
US Wine Labeling Laws - appellation of origin
Optional Hierarchy based: Country, state, county, AVA, Vineyard 75% of grapes come from that location sufficient
53
US Wine Labeling Laws - Appellation of Origin --exceptions on 75% from origin
CA and OR require 100% from state WE requires 95% from state AVAs require 85% Vineyards require 95%
54
US Wine Labeling Laws - Estate Bottled
Optional if mention then criteria: - grapes must come from one or more vineyard owned or leased by winery - vineyard(s) must be within a single AVA - winery must alto be located in that AVA - winery is involved in operation of the vineyards
55
US Wine Labeling Laws- Unregulated information includes?
``` Optional terms include: sensory attributes recommended serving temp history of winery technical wine details terms like Reserve, special selection or old vines have no legal definition ```
56
For AVA wines with a vintage, what is the minimum % of the wine in the bottle that must be from that year?
95%
57
Varietal labeling requires ___% of the contents be from that named grape.
75% in US 85% in EU. if US is imported to EU then must meet EU standards
58
Oregon requires varietal labels ____% of the contents be from a named grape.
90%
59
Name the Native American grapes
``` Catawba - labrusca Delaware - labrusca Niagara - labrusca Concord - labrusca Norton - Muscadine grape, Scuppernong ```
60
What is the native American grape related to the Scuppernong?
Norton- distinctly related to eh muscadine grape ___
61
What is an American Hybrid-
speculation may have had vinifera ancestors | characteristics simulate that of Labrusca vines
62
When Phylloxera was discovered, what was the new world's role with regard to Native American species?
1 create hybrids - goal to develop resistant vines with vinifera flavor profile 2 neutralize Phylloxera through grafting
63
Examples of French- American Hybrids include?
Seyval Blanc Vidal Blanc Chambeourcin
64
How was neutralizing Phylloxera accomplished through grafting?
AM Root system would take root and grow into the lower trunk | vinifera 100% above
65
Beyond neutralizing Phylloxera, what benefits were gained using American rootstock?
control vine's growth rate | pair rootstock with specific soil and climate
66
What two grape varieties are considered to be unique to the US in that there are very little to no other wines made with these varieties around the world?
Zinfandel and Petit Syrah
67
zinfandel was brought to a US nursery by whom and when?
1820 - George Gibbs to a Long Island Nursery | 1829 - Zinfardel which latter morphed into Zinfandel
68
Petit Sirah AKA? and parents?
AKA Durif Syrah x Pelousin Francois Durif- French Botanist
69
The approved US synonym for Sauvignon Blanc is
Fume Blanc
70
The approved US synonym for Mourvedre is
Mataro
71
The approved US synonym for Tempranillo is
Valdepenas
72
The approved US synonym for Reisling is
White Reisling
73
The approved US synonym for Muscat Canelli?
Muscat Blanc
74
The approved US synonym for Ugni Blanc?
Trebbiano

2020 CSW (35 decks)

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