Grape Varieties - Red Grapes Flashcards
What is the best known red blending partner to Cab. Sauv and Merlot in Bordeaux?
Cabernet Franc
Well known examples of Cabernet Franc are from
Bordeaux, Loire Valley, northeast Italy, New York State, California
The top producing countries of Cabernet Franc are
France, US, Italy
The characteristic aromas of a warm climate Cabernet Franc are
Raspberry, violet
The characteristic aromas of a cool climate Cabernet Franc are
Strawberry, cranberry, tobacco, mushroom, bell pepper
The tannin level found in a Cabernet Franc is
light to medium
The acid level found in Cabernet Franc is
medium to high
The alcohol level found in Cabernet Franc is
medium
What is the world’s most widely grown red grape?
Cabernet Sauvignon
What is the red grape known for it’s consistency, reliability, depth of flavor and ability to develop complex flavors over a long aging period?
Cabernet Sauvignon
The tannin levels in a Cabernet Sauvignon are
high
Cabernet Sauvignon is often blended with what grape in Australia?
Shiraz
The acid level found in Cabernet Sauvignon is
medium to high
The alcohol level found in Cabernet Sauvignon is
High
The top producing countries of Cabernet Sauvignon are
France, US, Australia, Chile
Well know examples of Cabernet Sauvignon are from
Bordeaux, Napa Valley
The characteristic aromas of a cool climate Cabernet Sauvignon are
Black current, black cherry, eucalyptus, bell pepper, mint
The characteristic aromas of a new oak aged Cabernet Sauvignon are
dark chocolate, cedar, vanilla, tobacco
The characteristic aromas of a well aged Cabernet Sauvignon are
coffee caramel, cigar box
Grenache is added to Syrah & Mourvedre to add
color, acidity and complexity
In what climate does Grenache thrive?
Hot & dry
Where did Grenache originate?
Spain where it is known as Garnacha
and Italy - Cannonau
Grenache is known as what in Italy?
Cannonau found in Sardinia
In what part of Italy would you find Grenache grown?
Sardinia
What red grape oxidizes quickly and picks up a salmon or orange tinge?
Grenache
What red grape can take on a noticibly rusticity in the wine’s aroma or bouquet?
Grenache
Old vine Grenache is highly prized for it’s
concentration of flavor
Well known examples of Grenache are from
Southern Rhone, Priorat, Rioja, Navarra, Australia
The top producing countries of Grenache are
France, Spain
The characteristic aromas of Grenache are
Strawberry, cranberry, sour cherry, flowers, black pepper
The acidity of Grenache is
low to medium
The tannin in Grenache is
low to medium
The alcohol in Grenache is
High.
Know as some of the best wines in France, therefore of the world?
Cab Sauv - originated from Brodeaux
Viticulture characteristics for Cab Sauv?
late blooming
requires sufficient heat and sun exposure
Bordeaux -
Napa- fruit forward style, high ABC
Merlot bring what to a Cab Sauv/ Merlot blend?
Lowers intensity lowers tannins lowers ABC Has lighter, brighter, fruit flavors aromas are similar but not identical / complementary
Viticulturally, why are Merlot and Cab Sauv good partners?
Merlot ripens early - Cab ripens late
mitigating the risk of damage from extreme weather at either end of the growing season
Merlot’s top producing regions?
France US Spain Italy Chile
Merlot aroma characteristics?
blueberry —– plum
black cherry ——— mint
Coffee —— chocolate
merlot’s acidity level?
Medium
Merlot’s Tannin level?
medium
Merlot’s alcohol level?
Medium to high
Pinot Noir grow with great success where?
cool climates-
France’s Burgundy (birth place) & Champagne
Oregon —- New Zealand
cooler parts of California
Pinot Noir top producing regions?
France
United States
Germany (known as Spatburgunder)
Pinot Noir characteristic aromas when young?
raspberries, strawberry
cherry, red flowers violet
Pinot Noir’s aromas when mature?
earthy, rustic, forest floor
leather, mushroom
sandalwood
Pinot Noir’s Tannin level
low to medium
Pinot Noir’s Alcohol level?
medium
Syrah is likely to be known as Shiraz where?
New World Counties -Australia, South Africa
-gaining popularity in CA’s central coast
Washington state, South Africa,
Argentina
Styles of Syrah seen in the world?
produced as red - some examples rival Cab in $
also as rose
often blended
In Australia, Syrah is often blended with what?
- GSM
- or with Cab Sauv
Well know examples of Syrah are found?
Rhone Valley
Australia
Paso Robles
Syrah Aromas?
Blackberry —— tar —- Leather ———-
Anise —– Rosemary ——- black pepper
Smoke —– lavender —-forest floor —- earth
AGED- smoked meats
Syrah’s acid level?
low to medium
Syrah’s Tannin level?
high
Syrah Alcohol level?
high
Defining characteristics of Zinfandel?
densely pigmented —- high alcohol – spicy
Jammy notes of raspberry, blackberry, raisin
When was Zinfandel determined to be genetically identical to Italy’s ____ and Croatia’s ____
Dr. Carole Meredith -UC Davis in 1994
Primitivo, Tribidrag
____ is traditionally a blending grape but in ___ opted as a stand alone
Sangiovese, 1996
Sangiovese’s new world blending partners in clude?
syrah, merlot, cab sauv
Sangiovese’s varietal characteristics include?
lightly colored
high acid
flavors of sour cherry, orang peel
Nebbiolo’s other names in Italy?
Barolo, Barbaresco in Piedmont
Nebbiolo’s varietal characteristics include?
100% __ and not generally blended
tar and roses, cherry
blackberry, licorice
highly tannic, benefits from oak & bottle aging
Leading red grape from Spain is ___ and generally is blended with ___
Tempranillo, Mazuelo (Carignan)
-increasingly produced 100% Tempranillo
Dominating flavors of Tempranillo include?
Grape: strawberry, red cherry, currant, spice
Winemaking: leather, tobacco, chalk
Outside of Spain, Tempranillo is grown where?
Portugal - Tinta Roriz or Argonez
CA, Texas, Oregon
Black wine of France?
Malbec from Cahors
Defining characteristics of Malbec?
deeply colored, often inky black
blackberry
plum
New World regions that grow Malbec?
Argentina, California
Washington State, Oregon
Chile
General characteristics of Gamay
low tanning, fruit- forward red wine
Age worthy Gamay displays?
richness
black fruit
raspberry
spice
Beaujolais Nouveau is produced how with what flavors?
Carbonic Maceration
red cherry —- Strawberry
Banana —- red candy
Outside of Beaujolais, where is Gamay grown?
France: Maconnais, Loire Valley
Switzerland
California
define teinturier?
A grape with red flesh in addition to red skin
EG Alicante Bouschet
Alicante Bouschet’s origination?
French: Henri Bouchet in 1866
Where is Alicante Bouschet grown?
Spain =known as Garnacha Tintorera
southern Portugal, southern France
Australia, central California
When blended, what does Alicante Bouschet bring?
adds body and color intensity to both red and rose