Vitamins biochem

Question 1

Vit A

Answer 1

used to treat meales and AML

essential for normal differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue

Question 2

B1

Answer 2

thiamine

ATP

1. Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
2. Transketolase (HMP shunt)
3. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (glycolysis to TCA)

Wernicke-korsakoff, and beriberi’s

Question 3

B2

• needed for what
• def –> ?

Answer 3

Riboflavin

• needed for FAD and FMN; for redox rxns
• 2C’2 of B2: cheilosis (inflammation of lips and corners of mouth) + Corneal vascularization

Question 4

B3

needed for what
derived from what
def –> ?
excess –>?

Answer 4

niacin

• NAD+ NADP+ for redox
• from tryptophan using B2 and B6
• 3D’s of B3: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
• PG induced flushing, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

Question 5

B6

needed for what
def --> ?

Answer 5

pyridoxine

• needed for transmination, glycogen phosphorylase, heme synthesis, NT synthesis
• convulsions, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemia b/c impaired Hb synthesis

Question 6

B5

needed for?
def --> ?

Answer 6

Pantothenate (pentothenate for 5)

needed for CoA and FA synthase
dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Question 7

B7

- needed for? 
def --> ?

Answer 7

biotin

carboxylations
- pyruvate carboxylase (pyruvate (3) –> OAA (4))
acetyl-CoA coarboxylase (acetyl-CoA (2) –> malonyl-CoA (3))
- propionyl-CoA carboxylase (propionyl-Coa (3) –> methylmalonyl-CoA (4)

• def –> dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis

Question 8

B9

needed for
def -->

Answer 8

THF, which is necessary for methylation reactions
important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA

• megaloblastic anemia, glossitis
  elevated homocysteine but not MMA

seen in alcoholism

Question 9

B12

needed for 
def -->

Answer 9

cobalamin

• cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase
• needed for myelin stability
• neuro issues
  MMA and homocysteine

Question 10

Vit E
function
def?

Answer 10

antiooxidant that protects RBC MB’s from free radical damage

hemolytic anemia, acanthocytosis, muscle weakness, posterior and spinocerebellar tract demyelination

Question 11

Marasmus

• what is it
• leads to?

Answer 11

total calorie malnutrition

muscle wasting and variable edema

Question 12

Zinc def

- presentation (7)

Answer 12

1. vesicular/pustular erythematous skin lesions around orifices
2. hypogonadism
3. azospermia
4. hair loss
5. imparied taste
6. night blindness
7. impaired wound healing