FA Rapid Review - key associations Flashcards
actinic (solar) keratosis
precursor to squamous cell carcioma
acute gastric ulcer a/w CNS injury
Cushing ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
acute gastric ulcer a/w severe burns
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
skin lesions of crohn
dissecting aneurysm
HTN
aortic aneurysm, abd and ascending
atherosclerosis
aortic aneurysm of arch
tertiary syphilis
vasa vasorum destruction
ascending aorta aneurysm
Marfan (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
atrophy of mamillary bodies
wernicke encephalopathy 2/2 thiamine def
autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
sickle cell anemia
bacteria a/w gastriis, PUD, stomach cancer
h pylori
bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
strep pneumo
bacterial meningitis of newborn
GBS, strep pneumo, meningocococcus
benign melanocytic nevus (mole)
spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
bleeding d/o w/GpIb def
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in plt adhesion to vWF)
brain tumor in adults
- supratentorial
mets > astrocytoma > meningioma > schwanoma
brain tumor in kids
intratenro
supratent
infra: medulloblastom (cerebellum)
supra: craniopharyngioma
bresat cancer
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
breast mass
fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post menopause woman)
benign breast tumor
fibroadenoma
primary cardiac tumor in kids
rhabdomyoma … often in TS
cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis affecting both sides of MV
cerebellar tonsillar herniation
chiari II
autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis
predisposition to gastric carcinoma or pernicious anemia
clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
DES exposure in utero
compression fracture
osteoporosis
congenital adrenal hyperplasia; hypotension
21-hydroxylase def
most common congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
dubin-johnson syndrome (liver can’t secrete conjugated bili into bile)
constrictive pericarditis
TB or SLE
coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
cretinism (stunted physical and mental growth)
iodine def / hypothyroidism
cushing syndrome (4)
- corticosteroid therapy
- adrenocortical adenoma that secretes
- ACTH-secreting pituitary
- paraneoplastic Cushing from ACTH secreting tumors
early cyanosis (3)
- tet
- truncus
- transposition
late cyanosis (3)
- vsd
- asd
- pda
death in CML from what
blast crisis
death in SLE from what
lupus nephropathy
DIC seen in what (6)
- major surgery
- severe sepsis
- obstetric complications
- cancer
- burns
- trauma
diverticulum in pharynx
- how diagnosed
Zenker
barium
esophageal cancer
- US
- wrold
US: adenocarcinoma
world: squamous cell carcinoma
exotoxin mediated food poisoning
staph aureus
b. cereus
glomerulonephritis in adult
berger disease (IgA)
most common gyn malignany
US
world
US: endometrial
world: cervical
most common congenital heart murmur
mitral valve prolapse
most common helminth infections in US (2)
enterobius vermicularis
ascaris lumbricoides
HCC associated with what? (3)
- HCV
- HBv
- chronic alcholism
most common hereditary bleeding d/o
von willebrand dz
hereditary harmless jaundce
gilbert syndrome
unconjugated biliribuniemia
HLA-B27 seen in what conditions (4)
- ankylosing spondylitis
- RA
- UC
- psoriatic arthritis
HLA-DR3 or DR4 seen inw hat contidionts (3)
- DM-I
- RA
- SLE
holosystolic murmurs in what? (3)
VSD, TVR, MVR
virchow triad?
- hypercoagulable
- endothelial damage
- blood stasis
virchow hates: sitting still in a damaged and hectic environment
most common cause of secondary HTN
renal disease
most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
accidental excision during thyroid removal
most common infection 2/2 blood transfusion
HBV
most common infections in chronic granulomatous disease
staph aureus
e coli
aspergillus
they’re all catalase +, so prevent formation of ROS to fight infection
types of kidney stones
calcium
struvite
uric acid
calcium kidney stones are
radiopaque
struvite kidney stones are
- formed by what
radiopaque
- formed by urease + organisms like proteus vulgaris or staph
uric acid stones are
radioluscent
most common cause of liver disease
alcohol
most common lysosomal storage d/o
gaucher
gaucher
- def in what enzyme
- buildup of what
beta-glucocerebrosidase
glucocerebroside
most common male cancer
prostate carcinoma
most common malignancy a/w noninfectious fever
hodgkin lymphoma
most common malignancy in kids (2)
ALL
meduloblastoma of cerebellum
most common mets to bone
prostate, breast> lung. thyroid
most common mets to brain
lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI
most common mets to liver
colon»_space;> stomach, pancreas
most common cause of MVS
rheumatic fever
myocarditis causing infection
coxsackie B
most common nephrotic syndrome in adults
FSGS
most common nephrotic syndrome in kids
MCD
most common neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome
- hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
most common opportunistic inf in AIDS
pneumocystis jirovecii PNA
most common cause of osteomyelitis
staph aureus
most common osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
salmonella
most common cause of osteomyelitis in IV drug users
pseudomonas and staph aureus
what are ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer called
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
most common ovarian tumor (benign and b/l)
serous cystadenoma
most common malignant ovarian tumor
serous cystadenocarcinoma
most common cause of acute pancreatitis (2)
gallstones
alcohol
most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
- adults
- kids
adults: alcohol
kids: CF
ages of pts with: ALL CLL AML CML
ALL child
CLL > 60
AML adult ~65
CML adult 30-60
common PID infections
chlamydia and gonorrhea
philadelphia chromosome
- what is it
- what does it code
- what condition
- t(9;22)
- bcr-abl
- CML … sometimes ALL/AML
most common primary amenorrhea
turner
most common primary bone tumor in adults
MM
most common primary hyperaldosteronism
adenoma of adrenal cortex
most common primary liver acancer
HCC 2/2 chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1 AT def
most common cause of pulmonary HTN
COPD
most common cause of recurrent inflammation / thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease
smokers
most common renal tumor
what’s its paraneoplastic syndroeme
RCC a/w VHL and cigarettes
EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH
common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
most common STD
chlamydia
most common cause of SIADH
small cell carcinoma of lung
most common site of diverticula
left colon (sigmoid)
most common sites of athero
abd aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
most common stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
most common cause of stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
zollinger ellison syndrome 2/2 gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas
t(14;18)
- what does it code
- what condition
- bcl-2 activation
- follicular lymphoma
t(8;14)
- what does it code
- what condition
- c-myc activation
- burkitt lymphoma
t(9;22)
- what does it code
- what condition
- bcr-abl fusion and activation
- CML
temporal arteritis a/w what condition
polymyalgia rheumatica
most common thyorid cancer
papillary carcinoma
most common testicular tumor
seminoma
most common tumor in women
leiomyoma (estrogen dep)
most common tumor of infancy
- what happens to them
hemangioma
- usu spontaneously regress by childhood
most common tumor of adrenal medulla in adults
pheo
most common tumor of adrenal medulla in kids
neuroblastoma (malignant)
most common type of Hodgkin
nodular sclerosis
- as opposed to mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion
most common Non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
most common UTI infection
E. coli or staph saprophyticus
viral encephalitis causing temporal lobe
hsv-1
most common vitamin def in US
folate …
what causes death in babies born with Potter sequence (renal agenesis)
lung immaturity
