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Step 1 Andre > FA Rapid Review - key associations > Flashcards

FA Rapid Review - key associations Flashcards

1
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

precursor to squamous cell carcioma

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2
Q

acute gastric ulcer a/w CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

acute gastric ulcer a/w severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skin lesions of crohn

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5
Q

dissecting aneurysm

A

HTN

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6
Q

aortic aneurysm, abd and ascending

A

atherosclerosis

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7
Q

aortic aneurysm of arch

A

tertiary syphilis

vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

ascending aorta aneurysm

A

Marfan (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

atrophy of mamillary bodies

A

wernicke encephalopathy 2/2 thiamine def

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10
Q

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

sickle cell anemia

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11
Q

bacteria a/w gastriis, PUD, stomach cancer

A

h pylori

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12
Q

bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

strep pneumo

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13
Q

bacterial meningitis of newborn

A

GBS, strep pneumo, meningocococcus

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14
Q

benign melanocytic nevus (mole)

A

spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

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15
Q

bleeding d/o w/GpIb def

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in plt adhesion to vWF)

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16
Q

brain tumor in adults

- supratentorial

A

mets > astrocytoma > meningioma > schwanoma

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17
Q

brain tumor in kids
intratenro
supratent

A

infra: medulloblastom (cerebellum)
supra: craniopharyngioma

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18
Q

bresat cancer

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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19
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post menopause woman)

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20
Q

benign breast tumor

A

fibroadenoma

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21
Q

primary cardiac tumor in kids

A

rhabdomyoma … often in TS

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22
Q

cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis affecting both sides of MV

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23
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

chiari II

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24
Q

autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis

A

predisposition to gastric carcinoma or pernicious anemia

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25
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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26
Q

compression fracture

A

osteoporosis

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27
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia; hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase def

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28
Q

most common congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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29
Q

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

dubin-johnson syndrome (liver can’t secrete conjugated bili into bile)

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30
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

TB or SLE

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31
Q

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

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32
Q

cretinism (stunted physical and mental growth)

A

iodine def / hypothyroidism

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33
Q

cushing syndrome (4)

A
  1. corticosteroid therapy
  2. adrenocortical adenoma that secretes
  3. ACTH-secreting pituitary
  4. paraneoplastic Cushing from ACTH secreting tumors
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34
Q

early cyanosis (3)

A
  1. tet
  2. truncus
  3. transposition
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35
Q

late cyanosis (3)

A
  1. vsd
  2. asd
  3. pda
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36
Q

death in CML from what

A

blast crisis

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37
Q

death in SLE from what

A

lupus nephropathy

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38
Q

DIC seen in what (6)

A
  1. major surgery
  2. severe sepsis
  3. obstetric complications
  4. cancer
  5. burns
  6. trauma
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39
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

- how diagnosed

A

Zenker

barium

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40
Q

esophageal cancer

  • US
  • wrold
A

US: adenocarcinoma
world: squamous cell carcinoma

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41
Q

exotoxin mediated food poisoning

A

staph aureus

b. cereus

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42
Q

glomerulonephritis in adult

A

berger disease (IgA)

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43
Q

most common gyn malignany
US
world

A

US: endometrial
world: cervical

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44
Q

most common congenital heart murmur

A

mitral valve prolapse

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45
Q

most common helminth infections in US (2)

A

enterobius vermicularis

ascaris lumbricoides

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46
Q

HCC associated with what? (3)

A
  1. HCV
  2. HBv
  3. chronic alcholism
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47
Q

most common hereditary bleeding d/o

A

von willebrand dz

48
Q

hereditary harmless jaundce

A

gilbert syndrome

unconjugated biliribuniemia

49
Q

HLA-B27 seen in what conditions (4)

A
  1. ankylosing spondylitis
  2. RA
  3. UC
  4. psoriatic arthritis
50
Q

HLA-DR3 or DR4 seen inw hat contidionts (3)

A
  1. DM-I
  2. RA
  3. SLE
51
Q

holosystolic murmurs in what? (3)

A

VSD, TVR, MVR

52
Q

virchow triad?

A
  1. hypercoagulable
  2. endothelial damage
  3. blood stasis

virchow hates: sitting still in a damaged and hectic environment

53
Q

most common cause of secondary HTN

A

renal disease

54
Q

most common cause of hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroid removal

55
Q

most common infection 2/2 blood transfusion

A

HBV

56
Q

most common infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

staph aureus
e coli
aspergillus

they’re all catalase +, so prevent formation of ROS to fight infection

57
Q

types of kidney stones

A

calcium
struvite
uric acid

58
Q

calcium kidney stones are

A

radiopaque

59
Q

struvite kidney stones are

- formed by what

A

radiopaque

- formed by urease + organisms like proteus vulgaris or staph

60
Q

uric acid stones are

A

radioluscent

61
Q

most common cause of liver disease

A

alcohol

62
Q

most common lysosomal storage d/o

A

gaucher

63
Q

gaucher

  • def in what enzyme
  • buildup of what
A

beta-glucocerebrosidase

glucocerebroside

64
Q

most common male cancer

A

prostate carcinoma

65
Q

most common malignancy a/w noninfectious fever

A

hodgkin lymphoma

66
Q

most common malignancy in kids (2)

A

ALL

meduloblastoma of cerebellum

67
Q

most common mets to bone

A

prostate, breast> lung. thyroid

68
Q

most common mets to brain

A

lung > breast > GU > melanoma > GI

69
Q

most common mets to liver

A

colon&raquo_space;> stomach, pancreas

70
Q

most common cause of MVS

A

rheumatic fever

71
Q

myocarditis causing infection

A

coxsackie B

72
Q

most common nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

FSGS

73
Q

most common nephrotic syndrome in kids

A

MCD

74
Q

most common neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome

- hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

75
Q

most common opportunistic inf in AIDS

A

pneumocystis jirovecii PNA

76
Q

most common cause of osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

77
Q

most common osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

salmonella

78
Q

most common cause of osteomyelitis in IV drug users

A

pseudomonas and staph aureus

79
Q

what are ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer called

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

80
Q

most common ovarian tumor (benign and b/l)

A

serous cystadenoma

81
Q

most common malignant ovarian tumor

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

82
Q

most common cause of acute pancreatitis (2)

A

gallstones

alcohol

83
Q

most common cause of chronic pancreatitis

  • adults
  • kids
A

adults: alcohol
kids: CF

84
Q 
ages of pts with: 
ALL
CLL
AML
CML
A

ALL child
CLL > 60
AML adult ~65
CML adult 30-60

85
Q

common PID infections

A

chlamydia and gonorrhea

86
Q

philadelphia chromosome

  • what is it
  • what does it code
  • what condition
A
  • t(9;22)
  • bcr-abl
  • CML … sometimes ALL/AML
87
Q

most common primary amenorrhea

A

turner

88
Q

most common primary bone tumor in adults

A

MM

89
Q

most common primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adenoma of adrenal cortex

90
Q

most common primary liver acancer

A

HCC 2/2 chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1 AT def

91
Q

most common cause of pulmonary HTN

A

COPD

92
Q

most common cause of recurrent inflammation / thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease

smokers

93
Q

most common renal tumor

what’s its paraneoplastic syndroeme

A

RCC a/w VHL and cigarettes

EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH

94
Q

common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

95
Q

most common STD

A

chlamydia

96
Q

most common cause of SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of lung

97
Q

most common site of diverticula

A

left colon (sigmoid)

98
Q

most common sites of athero

A

abd aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

99
Q

most common stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

100
Q

most common cause of stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

zollinger ellison syndrome 2/2 gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas

101
Q

t(14;18)

  • what does it code
  • what condition
A
  • bcl-2 activation

- follicular lymphoma

102
Q

t(8;14)

  • what does it code
  • what condition
A
  • c-myc activation

- burkitt lymphoma

103
Q

t(9;22)

  • what does it code
  • what condition
A
  • bcr-abl fusion and activation

- CML

104
Q

temporal arteritis a/w what condition

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

105
Q

most common thyorid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

106
Q

most common testicular tumor

A

seminoma

107
Q

most common tumor in women

A

leiomyoma (estrogen dep)

108
Q

most common tumor of infancy

- what happens to them

A

hemangioma

- usu spontaneously regress by childhood

109
Q

most common tumor of adrenal medulla in adults

A

pheo

110
Q

most common tumor of adrenal medulla in kids

A

neuroblastoma (malignant)

111
Q

most common type of Hodgkin

A

nodular sclerosis

  • as opposed to mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion
112
Q

most common Non-Hodgkin

A

Diffuse large cell

113
Q

most common UTI infection

A

E. coli or staph saprophyticus

114
Q

viral encephalitis causing temporal lobe

A

hsv-1

115
Q

most common vitamin def in US

A

folate …

116
Q

what causes death in babies born with Potter sequence (renal agenesis)

A

lung immaturity

Step 1 Andre (42 decks)

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