Vitamins Flashcards
vitamin B1 AKA ___
Thiamine
Is thiamine (B1) water or lipid soluble?
Water
What is thiamine used for?
important in the catabolism of sugars and aminoacids
Causes of thiamine deficiency
alcohol excess
malnutrition
clinical consequences of thiamine deficiency are therefore seen first in what type of tissues?
highly aerobic tissues such as the brain (Wenicke-Korsakoff syndrome) and the heart (wet beriberi).
nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia and ataxia, thiamine deficiency
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
amnesia, confabulation, thiamine deficiency
Korsakoff’s syndrome
peripheral neuropathy and thiamine deficiency
dry beriberi
dilated cardiomyopathy and thiamine deficiency
wet beriberi
What clinical sign can be seen in Riboflavin (Vitamin B2 deficiency)?
Consequences of riboflavin deficiency:
angular cheilitis
Is Vitamin B3 (niacin) water or lipid soluble?
water
Role of Vitamin B3 (niacin)
precursor to NAD+ and NADP+ and hence plays an essential metabolic role in cells.
consequences of niacin deficiency
pellagra: dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia
which TB drug causes Vitamin B6 deficiency (pyridoxine)
isoniazid therapy
Consequences of Vitamin B6 deficiency (pyridoxine)
peripheral neuropathy
sideroblastic anemia
Vitamin C is AKA ___
ascorbic acid
Functions of vitamin C
antioxidant
collagen synthesis
facilitates iron absorption
cofactor for norepinephrine synthesis
What is the name given to Vitamin C deficiency?
Scurvy
=> leads to defective collagen synthesis
=> capillary fragility (bleeding tendency) and poor wound healing
Features of scurvy (Vit C deficiency)
gingivitis, loose teeth
poor wound healing
bleeding from gums, haematuria, epistaxis
general malaise
In what foods is vitamin C commonly found?
citrus fruits
tomatoes
potatoes
Brussel sprouts
cauliflower
broccoli
cabbage
spinach
Is Vitamin D, water or lipid soluble
Lipid
What is the biologically active form of vitamin D? Where is this produced?
calcitriol
Vit D activated in kidneys
Sources of vitamin D
vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol): plants
vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol): dairy products, can be synthesised by the skin from sunlight
Functions of Vit D
increases calcium and phosphate
increases renal tubular reabsorption and gut absorption of calcium
increases osteoclastic activity
increases renal phosphate reabsorption
Consequences of vit D deficiency
rickets: seen in children
osteomalacia: seen in adults
Is vitamin K a water soluble or fat soluble vitamin?
Fat soluble
function of Vit K
cofactor in the carboxylation of clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X).
What is Vitamin K used for clinically?
To reverse effects of warfarin
What could cause a deficiency of vitamin K?
- conditions affecting fat absorption (as it is fat soluble)
- after prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics by eliminating the gut flora
