Membrane receptors Flashcards

1
Q

4 main types of receptor

A

ligand-gated ion channels
tyrosine kinase receptors
guanylate cyclase receptors
G protein-coupled receptors

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2
Q

Which receptors typically mediate fast responses?

Examples include nicotinic acetylcholine, GABA-A & GABA-C, glutamate receptors

A

Ligand-gated ion channel receptors

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3
Q

Two types of tyrosine Kinase receptor

A
  1. receptor tyrosine kinase
    > insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF)
  2. non-receptor tyrosine kinase
    > PIGG(L)ET: Prolactin, Immunomodulators (cytokines IL-2, Il-6, IFN), GH, G-CSF, Erythropoietin and Thromobopoietin
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4
Q

contain intrinsic enzyme activity
e.g. atrial natriuretic factor, brain natriuretic peptide

A

guanylate cyclase receptors

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5
Q
  • mediate slow transmission and affect metabolic processes
  • activated by variety of extracellular signals e.g. Peptide hormones, adrenaline, lipophilic hormones, light
  • 7-helix membrane-spanning domains
  • 3 main subunits: alpha, beta and gamma
A

G protein coupled receptor

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6
Q

G proteins are named according to the alpha subunit (Gs, Gi, Gq)
Describe the function of each

A

Gs - STIMULATES adenylyl cyclase

Gi - INHIBITS adenylyl cyclase

Gq - Activates phospholipase C

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7
Q

Mechanism of action of Gs receptor

A

Stimulates adenylate cyclase → increases cAMP → activates protein kinase A

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8
Q

Mechanism of action of Gi receptor

A

Inhibits adenylate cyclase → decreases cAMP → inhibits protein kinase A

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9
Q

Mechanism of action of Gq receptor

A

Activates phospholipase C → splits PIP2 to IP3 & DAG → activates protein kinase C

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10
Q

Give examples of Gs receptors

A
  • Beta-1 receptors (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dobutamine)
  • Beta-2 receptors (epinephrine, salbuterol)
  • H2 receptors (histamine)
  • D1 receptors (dopamine)
  • V2 receptors (vasopressin)
  • Receptors for ACTH, LH, FSH, glucagon, PTH, calcitonin, prostaglandins
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11
Q

Give examples of Gi receptors

A
  • M2 receptors (acetylcholine)
  • Alpha-2 receptors (epinephrine, norephinephrine)
  • D2 receptors (dopamine)
  • GABA-B receptor
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12
Q

Give examples of Gq receptors

A
  • Alpha-1 receptors (epinephrine, norepinephrine)
  • H1 receptors (histamine)
  • V1 receptors (vasopressin)
  • M1, M3 receptors (acetylcholine)
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13
Q
A
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