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anatomy lectures > visual pathways > Flashcards

visual pathways Flashcards

1
Q

visual system pathway components

A
  1. temporal and nasal retina
  2. optic nerve
  3. optic chiasm
  4. optic tract
  5. pulvinar nucleus
  6. lateral geniculate body
  7. superior colliculus
  8. optic radiation
  9. primary visual cortex
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2
Q

retina components

A
  • rods
  • cones
  • ganglion cells (optic disc)
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3
Q

rods

A
  • dim light and peripheral vision
  • rhadapsin inhibits glutamate which is continuously secreted in darkness
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4
Q

compenents of rods

A
  • inner
  • outer (~700 discs with rhadapsin)
  • rod fiber (nucleus)
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5
Q

cones

A
  • 3 types (red, blue, yellow)
  • visual acuity and trichromatic vision
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6
Q

components of cones

A
  • inner
  • outer (pigment-bearing discs)
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7
Q

retinal cells

A
  • midget cells
  • parasol cells
  • association neurons
  • muller glial cells
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8
Q

where are neural signals from the rods and cones processed

A

in retinal ganglion cells in the posterior retina

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9
Q

midget cells

A
  • small dendritic arbors
  • small slow-moving stimuli
  • not sensitive to low contrast
  • color
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10
Q

parasol cells

A
  • large dendritic arbors
  • large fast moving stimuli
  • sensitive to low contrast
  • no color
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11
Q

association neurons

A
  • amacrine cells (inhibit and excite)
  • horizontal cells (inhibit)
  • interplexiform cells (feeback between amacrine and horizontal cells)
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12
Q

muller glial cells

A

support

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13
Q

pathway to the visual cortex

A
  • optic nerve to optic chiasm (hypothalamus)
  • visual fields cross to lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
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14
Q

optic nerve portions

A
  • intraocular portion
  • intraorbital portion
  • intra-canalicular portion
  • intracranial portion
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15
Q

optic tract/chiasm location

A

superior to sella turcica and pituitary gland

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16
Q

what are the optic tract/chiasm susceptible to

A

secondary pituitary disorders

17
Q

pulvinar nucleus

A
  • largest thalamic nucleus
  • medial and dorsal to the lateral geniculate nucleus
18
Q

most fibers travel from the chiasm after splitting to lateral geniculate nucleus but 10% travel to …

A

superior colliculus and pulvinar nucleus to the primary visual cortex

19
Q

which retinal cells input info to the lower geniculate nucleus

A
  • midget ganglion cells
  • pasasol cells
20
Q

optic radiations

A
  • geniculocalcarine fibers
  • exit dorsally from lower geniculate nucleus then spread into superior and inferior bundles
21
Q

dorsal and central optic radiations travel in ? to ?

A

parietal lobe; visual cortex

22
Q

ventral optic radiations curve in an anteroinferior direction into the ?

A

anterior pole of temporal lobe

23
Q

meyers loop

A

ventral group of optic radiation fibers

24
Q

optic radiation function

A

carry information from the thalamus’s lower geniculate neuron to the primary visual cortex

25
Q

what information is processed in the primary cortex

A
  • static versus moving objects
  • pattern recognition
26
Q

what information is processed in occipital, parietal, temporal lobe

A
  • object recognition
  • color perception
  • depth
  • motion
27
Q

primary visual area brodmanns area

A

17

28
Q

secondary visual area brodmanns areas

A

18, 19

29
Q

visual defects

A
  • retinal detachment
  • color vision deficiency
30
Q

retinal detachment

A
  • blow to the eye
  • fluid accumulation
  • can lead to blindness
31
Q

color vision deficiency

A
  • dichromatic vision (one opsin not produced)
  • monochromatic vision (2/3 cone opsin not produced)
32
Q

4 common neurological patterns of vision loss

A
  • monocular blindness
  • bitemporal hemianopia
  • homonymous hemianopia
  • lesions of the primary visual cortex
33
Q

monocular blindness

A
  • lesion at optic nerve
  • stroke (ophthalmic artery)
  • migraine (transient)
  • MS (bilateral)
34
Q

bitemporal hemianopia

A
  • optic nerve compression
  • pituitary tumor
  • info from temporal visual field falls on the nasal retina
  • vision is missing in the outer half of left and right visual fields
35
Q

homonymous hemianopia

A
  • posterior cerebral artery stroke
  • lesion after optic chiasm
  • vertical midline loss
36
Q

lesions of the primary visual cortex

A
  • scotoma
  • hole is the visual field

anatomy lectures (18 decks)

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