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anatomy lectures > peripheral & autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

peripheral & autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

cns

A
  • center of all mental activity (thoughts, learning, memory, sensory, perceptions, voluntary and involuntary motor control)
  • keeps us in touch with external and internal environment
  • regulate and maintain homeostasis with endocrine system
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2
Q

sensory receptors

A
  • detect internal or external stimuli and relay info toward CNS
  • afferent neurons
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3
Q

integrative receptors

A
  • analysis, storage, decision making, perception
  • interneurons
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4
Q

motor receptors

A
  • muscular contraction
  • glandular secretion
  • efferent neurons
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5
Q

pns divisions

A
  • afferent (sensory) division
  • efferent (motor) division
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6
Q

afferent division of pns

A
  • sensory
  • trasmits impulses from receptors to cns
  • somatic and visceral afferent fibers
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7
Q

somatic afferent fibers

A
  • carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints
  • general senses: touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temp, proprioception
  • special senses: hearing, equilibrium, vision
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8
Q

visceral afferent fibers

A
  • transmit impulses from visceral organs
  • general senses: stretch, pain, temp, chemical changes, irritation in viscera, nausea, hunger
  • special senses: taste smell
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9
Q

efferent division of pns

A
  • motor
  • transmits impulses from cns to effector organs
  • 2 subdivision: somatic and autonomic nervous system
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10
Q

efferent somatic nervous system

A
  • pns efferent (motor) division
  • provides conscious control of skeletal muscle
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11
Q

efferent autonomic nervous system

A
  • pns afferent (sensory) division
  • parasympathetic and sympathetic
  • regulates cardiac and smooth muscle, secretory glands
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12
Q

pns definition

A

nervous structures outside the brain and spinal cord that are not covered in meningeal layers

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13
Q

which cranial nerves are in the midbrain

A
  • CNI (olfactory)
  • CN2 (optic)
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14
Q

which cranial nerves are in the pons

A

CN4 (trochlear)

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15
Q

how many cranial nerves are there

A

12

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16
Q

where do all cranial nerves (except 1 and 2) attach

A

brainstem

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17
Q

? pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

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18
Q

spinal nerve pair name and number

A
  • cervical (8)
  • thoracic (12)
  • lumbar (5)
  • sacral (5)
  • coccygeal (1)
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19
Q

where do cervical spinal nerves exit

A

from the vertebral foramen above their respective cervical vertebrae

20
Q

where do thoracic spinal nerves exit

A

from the vertebral foramen below their respective thoracic vertebrae

21
Q

parasympathetic division

A
  • rest and digest
  • autonomic nervous system (efferent)
  • routine maintenance
  • acetylcholine
22
Q

sympathetic division

A
  • fight, flight, freeze
  • autonomic nervous system (efferent)
  • mobilization
  • increased metabolism
  • norepinephrine
23
Q

difference between somatic and visceral sensory system (afferent)

A
  • somatic: receptors are specifically localized
  • visceral: receptors widely scattered (poor localization)
24
Q

ganglia

A

synaptic relay stations between neurons

25
Q

preganglionic neurons

A
  • presynaptic neurons
  • located in CNS gray matter
  • axons synapse with postganglionic neurons
26
Q

postganglionic neurons

A
  • postsynaptic neurons
  • located in autonomic ganglia
  • axons terminate in effector organs (smooth/cardiac muscle, glands)
27
Q

preganglionic axons exist spinal cord through ventral root and enter spinal nerve, exit spinal nerve via while matter communicating ramus, enter sympathetic trunk/chain, then ? (3 options)

A
  1. synapse on postganglionic neuron in chain ganglion, return to spinal nerve and follow branch to the skin
  2. ascend or descend within sympathetic trunl, synapse with a postganglionic neuron within a chain ganglion, return to spinal nerve at that level and follow branches to skin
  3. enter sympathetic chain, pass through without synapsing, form a splachnic nerve that passes toward thoracic or abdominal organs; synapse in prevertebral ganglion in front of aorta; postganglionic axons follow arteries to organs
28
Q

types of ganglia

A
  • sensory ganglia
  • autonomic ganglia
29
Q

sensory ganglia location

A
  • in the dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves
  • on the ganglia of some cranial nerves
30
Q

dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves

A
  • found on dorsal root of spinal nerves
  • transmit messages relating to pain, touch, temp from PNS to CNS
31
Q

sensory ganglia of cranial nerves

A
  • found on ganglia of some cranial nerves
  • special sensory functions
32
Q

3 groups of autonomic ganglia

A
  • sympathetic chain ganglia
  • prevertebral ganglia
  • parasympathetic ganglia
33
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia

A
  • sympathetic trunk or paravertebral ganglia
  • 23 pairs
34
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia location

A

ventral and lateral to the spinal cord that extend from upper neck to coccyx

35
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia input from ?

A

lateral horn of thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

36
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia relay info about ?

A

stress and danger

37
Q

prevertebral ganglia

A
  • between sympathetic chain and target organ
  • carry sympathetic function but are NOT part of the sympathetic chain
  • innervate all abdominal and pelvic organs (excluding adrenal gland)
38
Q

parasympathetic ganglia location

A

in the cranial nerve nuclei and lateral horn of sacral spinal cord

39
Q

thoracolumbar system

A
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • preganglionic neuronal cell bodies are located in the lateral horn of gray matter from T1-L2
  • postsynaptic neurons are in the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia
  • short preganglionic fibers
  • long postganglionic fibers
  • supplies every part of the body
  • causes: dry mouth, pupil dilation, increased hr and respiratory rate to increase O2 to skeletal muscle
  • when nervous, sweat and when excited, bp rises
40
Q

in thoracolumnbar system acetylcholine released by ?

A

preganglionic fibers

41
Q

in thoraculmnbar system, norepinephrine released by ?

A

postganglionic fibers

42
Q

craniosacral system

A
  • parasympathetic nervous system
  • preganglionic neuronal cell bodies are in brain stem or sacral levels of the spinal cord
  • in lateral horn of grat matter from S2-S4
  • long preganglionic fibers
  • short postganglionic fibers
  • supplies head, visceral cavities of the trunk, erectile tissues of the external genitalia
  • postsynaptic cell bodies are in the wall of the target organ
43
Q

craniosacral system cranial nerves

A

CNIII, VII, IX, X

44
Q

craniosacral system acetylcholine secreted by ?

A

preganglionic and postganglionic fibers

45
Q

cranial outflow (craniosacral system)

A
  • increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract, decreases hr, causes bronchial constriction
  • CNIII constrict pupuls
  • CNVII tears, nasal mucus, saliva
  • CNIX parotid salivary gland
  • CNX stimulates digestive gland
46
Q

sacral outflow (craniosacral system)

A
  • form pelvic splachnic nerves
  • supply 2nd half of large intestine
  • supply all pelvic (genitourinary) organs

anatomy lectures (18 decks)

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