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anatomy lectures > introduction to the CNS > Flashcards

introduction to the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the CNS

A

the center of all mental activity (thought, learning, memory)

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2
Q

____________ and _____________ are responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis

A

CNS; endocrine system

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3
Q

CNS components

A
  • the brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
  • ganglia
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4
Q

sensory receptors

A

detect internal or external stimuli and relay information to the CNS

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5
Q

integration

A

analysis, storage, decision making, perception

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6
Q

motor

A
  • muscular contraction
  • glandular secretion
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7
Q

CNS v PNS

A
  • CNS: brain and spinal cord
  • PNS: nerves and ganglia
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8
Q

brain lobes

A
  • frontal
  • temporal
  • parietal
  • occipital
  • insular
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9
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • decision making
  • control of voluntary movement
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10
Q

what part of the brain contains Broca’s area

A

left side of the frontal lobe

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11
Q

parietal lobe

A

processing sensory and spatial information

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11
Q

temporal lobe

A

processing memories and integrating them with emotion and taste, sight, touch, sound

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12
Q

what part of the brain contains Wernicke’s area

A

left side of the temporal lobe

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13
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

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14
Q

does the spinal cord extend the entire length of the vertebral column

A

no

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15
Q

how long is the spinal cord in men and women

A
  • men: 45 cm (18 in)
  • women: 43 cm (17 in)
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16
Q

spinal cord width in the cervical region

A

1/2 inch

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17
Q

spinal cord width in the lumbar region

A

1/2 inch

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18
Q

spinal cord width in the thoracic region

A

1/4 inch

19
Q

how many segments in the spinal cord

A

30

20
Q

spinal cord functions

A
  • conduit of motor information that travels down the spinal cord
  • conduit of sensory information in the reverse direction
  • center for coordinating certain reflexes
21
Q

embryonic and evolutionary development of the CNS

A
22
Q

nerve cell parts

A
  • cell body
  • dendrites
  • axon
  • axon terminals
23
Q

nerve cell body

A
  • receptive region
  • biosynthesis
24
Q

nerve cell dendrites

A
  • single or multiple
  • receptive region
25
Q

nerve cell axon

A
  • one per nerve cell
  • collaterals
  • sometimes covered in myelin sheath
  • nodes of ranvier
26
Q

which nerve cells have myelin sheaths

A
  • schwann cells
  • oligodendrocytes
27
Q

nerve cell axon terminals

A
  • synaptic end bulbs
  • neurotransmitters
28
Q

white matter v gray matter

A
29
Q

neuroglia of the CNS (support cells)

A
  • astrocytes
  • oligodendrocytes
  • microglia
  • ependymal cells
30
Q

neuroglia : nerve cell ratio

A

10:1

31
Q

astrocytes

A
  • physical support
  • blood-brain barrier
  • regulation of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis
  • regulation of chemical environment
32
Q

microglia

A

phagocytes

33
Q

ependymal cells

A

produce CSF

34
Q

how do neurons communicate

A
  • action potential
  • neurotransmitter release
  • neurotransmitters
35
Q

action potential

A
  • resting potential in neurons is -70 mV
  • depolarization occurs after action potential is fired
  • depolarization spreads in one direction
36
Q

what happens when the action potential reaches axon terminals

A
  • action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal (neuron 1)
  • action potential stimulates chemical neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles
  • neurotransmitter cross synaptic cleft and reaches postsynaptic neuron (neuron 2)
  • neurotransmitter binds a receptor
  • receptor is activated and transmits a signal inside the postsynaptic neuron
37
Q

a chemical synapse is either …. or …

A

excitatory; inhibitory

38
Q

excitatory

A
  • triggers influx of Na+ ions
  • triggers a nerve impulse in the second neuron
39
Q

inhibitory

A
  • increases membrane permeability to K+ or Cl- ions
  • inhibits action potential in the second neuron
40
Q

agonists

A

stimulate the receptor

41
Q

antagonists

A

inhibit the receptor by blocking the neurotransmitter action

42
Q

action of neurotransmitters is carefully regulated by __________, _________, or _______________

A

diffusion; reuptake; degradation

43
Q

neuromuscular junction

A
  • specialized synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber
  • occurs mid-length of muscle fiber
44
Q

neuromuscular junction neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine

45
Q

where is the acetylcholine receptor in a neuromuscular junction

A

motor end of the muscle fiber

46
Q

what does the binding of acetylcholine to its receptor trigger

A

influx of Na+ ions and generation of a muscle action potential

anatomy lectures (18 decks)

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