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anatomy lectures > cerebellum > Flashcards

cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

weight

A

150 gms

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2
Q

?% of adult brain

A

10

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3
Q

location

A
  • posterior cranial fossa
  • tentorium cerebelli (cerebrum)
  • 4th ventricle (brainstem)
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4
Q

how does the cerebellum communicate with brainstem

A

superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles

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5
Q

functions

A
  • gait and balance
  • coordination of movement
  • precision and accuracy of movement
  • motor learning and reflex modification
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6
Q

longitudinal division gross anatomy

A
  • vermis
  • paravermal region
  • cerebellar hemispheres
  • primary fissure
  • horizontal fissure
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7
Q

vermis

A
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8
Q

paravermis

A
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9
Q

cererebellar hemispheres

A
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10
Q

primary fissure

A
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11
Q

horizontal fissure

A
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12
Q

lobes

A
  • anterior lobe
  • posterior (middle) lobe
  • flocculonodular lobe
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13
Q

transverse division gross anatomy

A
  • primary fissure
  • posterolateral fissure
  • secondary (postpyramidal) fissure
  • horizontal fissure
  • prepyramidal fissure
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14
Q

primary fissure

A
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15
Q

posterolateral fissure

A
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16
Q

secondary (postpyramidal) fissure

A
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17
Q

horizontal fissure

A
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18
Q

prepyramidal fissure

A
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19
Q

peduncles

A
  • caudate nucleus
  • putamen
  • midbrain
  • internal capsule
  • thalamus
  • superior cerebellar peduncles
  • middle cerebellar peduncles
  • inferior cerebellar peduncles
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20
Q

caudate nucleus

A
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21
Q

putamen

A
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22
Q

midbrain

A

.

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23
Q

internal capsule

A
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24
Q

thalamus

A
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25
Q

superior cerebellar peduncles

A

superior pons/midbrain

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26
Q

middle cerebellar peduncles

A

pons

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27
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncles

A

medulla

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28
Q

cerebrocerebellum

A
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29
Q

crus cerebri

A
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30
Q

substantial nigra

A
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31
Q

red nucleus

A
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32
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A
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33
Q

tectum

A
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34
Q

central lobule

A
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35
Q

culmen

A
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36
Q

declive

A
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37
Q

wing of the central lobule

A
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38
Q

quadrangular lobule

A
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39
Q

simple lobule

A
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40
Q

superior semilunar lobule

A
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41
Q

horizontal fissure

A
42
Q

superior posterior fissure

A
43
Q

primary fissure

A
44
Q

posterior cerebellar fissure

A
45
Q

interpeduncular fossa

A
46
Q

pons

A
47
Q

medulla oblangata

A
48
Q

tonsilla cerebelli

A
49
Q

uvula

A
50
Q

pyramis

A
51
Q

tuber vermis

A
52
Q

biventer lobule

A
53
Q

inferior semilunar lobule

A
54
Q

vermis

A
55
Q

cerebellar hemisphere

A
56
Q

lobule rostral of the 4th ventricle is labeled ?

A

I

57
Q

lobule caudal of the 4th ventricle is labeled ?

A

X

58
Q

between lobes V and VI is the ?

A

primary fissure

59
Q

primary fissure purpose

A

separates posterior lobe from anterior lobe

60
Q

tonsils are clinically important due to …

A

their proximity to the reticular formation

61
Q

4 cerebellar nuclei

A
  • dentate
  • globose
  • emboliform
  • fastigial
62
Q

dentate nucleus location

A

cerebellar hemisphere

63
Q

globose nucleus location

A

paramedian zone

64
Q

emboliform nucleus location

A

paramedian zone

65
Q

fastigial nucleus location

A

vermis

66
Q

interposed nuclei

A
  • globose
  • emboliform
67
Q

cerebellar cortex 3 histology layers

A
  • molecular
  • purkinje
  • granule
68
Q

cerebellar cortex 5 cell types

A
  • purkinje (-, EFF)
  • granule (+, target of mossy)
  • stellate (-. inhibit near purkinje)
  • basket (-, inhibit distant purkinje)
  • golgi (-, inhibit granule)
69
Q

cerebellar cortex 2 fibers

A
  • mossy fiber
  • climbing fiber
70
Q

mossy fiber

A
  • (+)
  • AFF from cortex, brainstem
  • trigeminal nerve, vestibular nerve and nuclei, reticular nuclei and spinal cord (cuneate and gracile)
71
Q

climbing fiber

A
  • (+)
  • AFF only from inferior olive
72
Q

cerebellar circuitry (projections to the cerebellum)

A
73
Q

input from frontal and parietal cortices is relayed to the ? via the ? to the cerebellar cortex via the ?

A

pons; pontocerebellar tract; middle cerebellar peduncle

74
Q

sensory input from the vestibular nuclei, inferior olives, and the dorsal nuclei of Clark is relayed to the ? via the ?

A

cerebellar cortex; inferior cerebellar peduncles

75
Q

cerebellar circuitry (projections from the cerebellum)

A
76
Q

information sent to the fastigial nuclei exits via the cerebellum via the ? and is relayed to the ?

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle
vestibular nuclei

77
Q

information sent to the globes, emboliform, and dentate nuclei exits the ? via the ? and is relayed to the ? and ?

A

cerebellum; superior cerebellar peduncle
thalamus; motor cortex

78
Q

functional divisions

A
  • vestibulocerebellum
  • spinocerebellum
  • cerebrocerebellum
79
Q

vestibulocerebellum function

A
  • influences vestibulospinal tracts that control postural muscles
  • influences the vestibulo-ocular reflex
  • regulates balance and reflex eye movements
  • maintain equilibrium
80
Q

spinocerebellum function

A
  • paramedian zone: influences lateral muscles (limbs)
  • vermis: influences axial muscles and facial/tongue muscles
  • adjust ongoing movements and controls muscle tone
  • stance, gait, tells the CNS about proprioception
81
Q

cerebrocerebellum function

A
  • influences corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts to regulate complex movement
  • influences cerebellum for motor learning
  • tells cerebellum what the cortex is doing or planning to do
  • planning and initiation of skilled movements, smooth and precise control
82
Q

vestibulocerebellum afferents (from vestibular apparatus and nuclei; from primary visual cortex and superior colliculus)

A
  • via inferior peduncle from vestibular apparatus and nuclei
  • via middle peduncle from primary visual cortex and superior colliculus
83
Q

vestibulocerebellum efferents (to vestibular nuclei)

A

via inferior peduncle to vestibular nuclei

84
Q

spinocerebellum afferents (from spinal cord)

A

via inferior peduncle from spinal cord (somatotopic organization)

85
Q

spinocerebellum efferents (to motor cortex)

A
  • paramedian zone: interposed nuclei -> superior cerebellar peduncle -> re nucleus -> thalamus -> motor cortex
  • vermis: fastigial nucleus -> superior cerebellar peduncle -> vestibular nuclei/reticular formation/motor cortex
86
Q

cerebrocerebellum afferents

A

via middle peduncle from cortex and pontine nucleus (corticopontine tract)

87
Q

cerebrocerebellum efferents (to motor cortex)

A

dentate nucleus -> superior peduncle -> red nucleus -> thalamus -> motor cortex

88
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle function

A

primary output pathway from the deep cerebellar nuclei

89
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle function

A

input pathway from the cerebral cortex

90
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle function

A
  • input from the spinal cord, brainstem and inferior olive
  • output to the brainstem
91
Q

cerebellum displays ? control

A
  • ipsilateral
  • controls movement on the same side of body since all pathways project ipsilaterally, bilaterally, or double cross
92
Q

dysfunction causes

A
  • physical trauma
  • interruption of blood supply/stroke (AICA, PICA)
  • alcoholism (affects purkinje cells in anterior lobe)
  • tumors/cancer (degeneration of Purkinje cells)
93
Q

dysfunction clinical presentation

A

(DANISH)
- dysdiadochokinesia
- ataxia
- nystagmus
- intention tremot
- scanning speech
- hypotonia

94
Q

dysfunction clinical presentation associated with …

A

damage to the cerebrocerebellum and spinocerebellu, as these areas function to carry out skilled planned movments

95
Q

dysdiadochokinesia

A
  • the inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movements
  • fast finger tapping, opening and closing of the fists, and foot tapping
96
Q

ataxia

A

lack of coordination

97
Q

nystagmus

A

a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements

98
Q

intention tremor

A

a rhythmic, oscillatory, and high amplitude tremor during a directed and purposeful motor movement, worsening before reaching the endpoint

99
Q

scanning speech

A
  • abnormal pattern of speech
  • there is a pause after every syllable, and the syllables themselves are pronounced slowly
100
Q

hypotonia

A

decreased muscle tone

101
Q

in dysfunction, unilateral lesions produce ?

A

ipsilateral symptoms

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