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anatomy lectures > thalamus > Flashcards

thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

diencephalon location

A

between the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres

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2
Q

diencephalon is continuous with …

A

rostral part of the midbrain

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3
Q

nuclei in diencephalon connect to …

A

cerebral cortex and limbic areas

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4
Q

diencephalon components

A
  • thalamas
  • hypothalamus and pituitary gland
  • epithalamus
  • subthalamus (ventral thalamus)
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5
Q

epithalamus

A
  • habenular nucleus and habenular commissure
  • pineal gland
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6
Q

habenular nucleus and habenular commissure

A
  • connects with limbic system
  • serves autonomic function and emotional drives
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7
Q

pineal gland

A
  • endocrine organ
  • synthesizes melatonin
  • controls sleep/wake cycle and regulation of puberty onset
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8
Q

subthalamus

A
  • subthalamic nucleus (STN)
  • field of Forel
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9
Q

inferior surface of diencephalon

A
  • almost entirely surrounded by the cerebral hemispheres
  • minor portions visible: tuber cinerum and mammillary bodies
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10
Q

tuber cinerum

A

a hollow eminence between chiasm and hypothalamus

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11
Q

mammillary bodies

A
  • part of hypothalamus
  • help form relay between amygdala and thalamus
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12
Q

thalamus

A
  • large mass of grey matter
  • forms the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle
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13
Q

how is the thalamus seperated from hypothalamus

A

hypothalamic sulcus

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14
Q

what connects thalamus to opposite thalamus

A

interthalamic adhesion

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15
Q

what subdivides the diencephalon

A

hypothalmic sulcus

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16
Q

diencephalon subdivisions

A
  • dorsal part
  • ventral part
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17
Q

dorsal diencephalon

A
  • thalamus
  • anterior and posterior poles
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18
Q

ventral diencephalon

A
  • hypothalamus
  • subthalamus
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19
Q

thalamus lateral boundaries

A

bounded laterally by caudate nucleus, thalamostriate vein and stria terminalis

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20
Q

stria terminalis

A

a nerve fiber bundle

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21
Q

thalamus superior boundaries

A
  • between lateral ventricle and thalamus is stratum zonale
  • lateral part lies in the floor of the lateral ventricle and is covered by ependyma
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22
Q

thalamus medial boundaries

A

related to the choroid plexus of the 3rd ventricle

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23
Q

thalamus inferior boundaries

A

rests on the subthalamus and hypothalamus

24
Q

anterior pole of diencephalon

A

posterior wall of interventricular foramen of monro

25
Q

posterior pole of diencephalon

A

pulvinar nucleus

26
Q

pulvinar nucleus

A
  • the largest nucleus of the thalamus
  • lateral to pineal gland, habenular, posterior commissures
  • superior to lateral and medial geniculate bodies
27
Q

superior colliculi function

A

vision

28
Q

inferior colliculi function

A

auditory

29
Q

5 main groups of thalamic nuclei + ? nuclei

A
  • anterior group
  • medial group
  • posterior group
  • lateral group
  • ventral group
  • intralaminar nuclei
30
Q

thalamus grey matter divided into nuclei partitions:

A
  • anterior
  • medial
  • lateral
31
Q

what seperates the thalamus nuclei partitions

A

internal and external medullary lamina

32
Q

external medullary lamina location

A

laterally, separates reticular nucleus from the rest of the thalamus

33
Q

what does the external medullary lamina contain

A
  • thalamocortical
  • corticothalamic fibers
34
Q

internal medullary lamina

A

Y-shaped band, divides thalamus into anterior, medial, lateral nuclear groups

35
Q

what does the internal medullary lamina contain

A
  • fibers connecting thalamic nuclei with one another
  • neuronal collections called intralaminar nuclei
36
Q

thalamus functions

A
  • relay between subcorticocal areas and cortex
  • all sensory systems except olfactory nucleus connect to a nucleus in the thalamus
  • balance, hearing, vision, touch, taste
  • sleep and wake cycles
  • motor systems
37
Q

all of the nuclei except reticular nucleus project to …

A

ipsilateral cerebral cortex

38
Q

anterior group function

A

part of the limbic system

39
Q

medial group function

A

integrates sensory information for projection to frontal lobes

40
Q

ventral group function

A
  • projects sensory information to the primary sensory cortex
  • relays info from cerebellum and basal nuclei to motor area of cerebral cortex
41
Q

posterior group nuclei

A
  • pulvinar nuclei
  • lateral geniculate nuclei
  • medial geniculate nuclei
42
Q

pulvinar nuclei function

A

integrate sensory info for projection to association areas of cerebral cortex

43
Q

lateral geniculate nuclei function

A

project visual info to the visual cortex

44
Q

medial geniculate nuclei function

A

project auditory info to the auditory cortex

45
Q

lateral group function

A

integrates sensory info and influences emotional states

46
Q

blood supply of the thalamus

A
  • posterior communicating artery
  • posterior cerebral artery
  • anterior choroidal artery (LGB)
47
Q

posterior communicating artery

A

gives rise to the anterior thalamoperforating arteries

48
Q

posterior cerebral artery

A
  • gives rise to the posterior choroidal arteries
  • gives rise to the posterior thalamoperforating arteries
49
Q

thalamic reticular nucleus

A
  • occupies key position for thalamocorticoal (TC) and corticothalamic (CT) operations
  • located at thalamus-white matter interface between internal capsule and external medullary lamina where TC and CT intersect
  • concerned with almost all functional modalities
50
Q

thalamic reticular nucleus sectors

A

at least seven:
- five sensory (auditory, gustatory, somatosensory, visceral, visual)
- one motor
- one limbic

51
Q

reticular formation

A
  • interconnected nuclei found throughout brainstem
  • contains ascending and descending reticular formation
52
Q

reticular formation nuclei list

A
  • dorsal tegmental nuclei
  • central tegmental nuclei
  • central and inferior nuclei
53
Q

dorsal tegmental nuclei location

A

midbrain

54
Q

central tegmental nuclei location

A

pons

55
Q

central and inferior nuclei location

A

medulla

56
Q

ascending reticular formation

A
  • reticular activating system
  • sleep/wake cycle (alertness levels)
  • projects to the mid-line group of the thalamus
57
Q

descending reticular formation

A
  • posture and equilibrium and ANS activity
  • receives info from hypothalamus
  • plays a role in motor movement

anatomy lectures (18 decks)

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