thalamus Flashcards
1
Q
diencephalon location
A
between the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres
2
Q
diencephalon is continuous with …
A
rostral part of the midbrain
3
Q
nuclei in diencephalon connect to …
A
cerebral cortex and limbic areas
4
Q
diencephalon components
A
- thalamas
- hypothalamus and pituitary gland
- epithalamus
- subthalamus (ventral thalamus)
5
Q
epithalamus
A
- habenular nucleus and habenular commissure
- pineal gland
6
Q
habenular nucleus and habenular commissure
A
- connects with limbic system
- serves autonomic function and emotional drives
7
Q
pineal gland
A
- endocrine organ
- synthesizes melatonin
- controls sleep/wake cycle and regulation of puberty onset
8
Q
subthalamus
A
- subthalamic nucleus (STN)
- field of Forel
9
Q
inferior surface of diencephalon
A
- almost entirely surrounded by the cerebral hemispheres
- minor portions visible: tuber cinerum and mammillary bodies
10
Q
tuber cinerum
A
a hollow eminence between chiasm and hypothalamus
11
Q
mammillary bodies
A
- part of hypothalamus
- help form relay between amygdala and thalamus
12
Q
thalamus
A
- large mass of grey matter
- forms the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle
13
Q
how is the thalamus seperated from hypothalamus
A
hypothalamic sulcus
14
Q
what connects thalamus to opposite thalamus
A
interthalamic adhesion
15
Q
what subdivides the diencephalon
A
hypothalmic sulcus
16
Q
diencephalon subdivisions
A
- dorsal part
- ventral part
17
Q
dorsal diencephalon
A
- thalamus
- anterior and posterior poles
18
Q
ventral diencephalon
A
- hypothalamus
- subthalamus
19
Q
thalamus lateral boundaries
A
bounded laterally by caudate nucleus, thalamostriate vein and stria terminalis
20
Q
stria terminalis
A
a nerve fiber bundle
21
Q
thalamus superior boundaries
A
- between lateral ventricle and thalamus is stratum zonale
- lateral part lies in the floor of the lateral ventricle and is covered by ependyma
22
Q
thalamus medial boundaries
A
related to the choroid plexus of the 3rd ventricle
23
Q
thalamus inferior boundaries
A
rests on the subthalamus and hypothalamus
24
Q
anterior pole of diencephalon
A
posterior wall of interventricular foramen of monro
25
posterior pole of diencephalon
pulvinar nucleus
26
pulvinar nucleus
- the largest nucleus of the thalamus
- lateral to pineal gland, habenular, posterior commissures
- superior to lateral and medial geniculate bodies
27
superior colliculi function
vision
28
inferior colliculi function
auditory
29
5 main groups of thalamic nuclei + ? nuclei
- anterior group
- medial group
- posterior group
- lateral group
- ventral group
- intralaminar nuclei
30
thalamus grey matter divided into nuclei partitions:
- anterior
- medial
- lateral
31
what seperates the thalamus nuclei partitions
internal and external medullary lamina
32
external medullary lamina location
laterally, separates reticular nucleus from the rest of the thalamus
33
what does the external medullary lamina contain
- thalamocortical
- corticothalamic fibers
34
internal medullary lamina
Y-shaped band, divides thalamus into anterior, medial, lateral nuclear groups
35
what does the internal medullary lamina contain
- fibers connecting thalamic nuclei with one another
- neuronal collections called intralaminar nuclei
36
thalamus functions
- relay between subcorticocal areas and cortex
- all sensory systems except olfactory nucleus connect to a nucleus in the thalamus
- balance, hearing, vision, touch, taste
- sleep and wake cycles
- motor systems
37
all of the nuclei except reticular nucleus project to ...
ipsilateral cerebral cortex
38
anterior group function
part of the limbic system
39
medial group function
integrates sensory information for projection to frontal lobes
40
ventral group function
- projects sensory information to the primary sensory cortex
- relays info from cerebellum and basal nuclei to motor area of cerebral cortex
41
posterior group nuclei
- pulvinar nuclei
- lateral geniculate nuclei
- medial geniculate nuclei
42
pulvinar nuclei function
integrate sensory info for projection to association areas of cerebral cortex
43
lateral geniculate nuclei function
project visual info to the visual cortex
44
medial geniculate nuclei function
project auditory info to the auditory cortex
45
lateral group function
integrates sensory info and influences emotional states
46
blood supply of the thalamus
- posterior communicating artery
- posterior cerebral artery
- anterior choroidal artery (LGB)
47
posterior communicating artery
gives rise to the anterior thalamoperforating arteries
48
posterior cerebral artery
- gives rise to the posterior choroidal arteries
- gives rise to the posterior thalamoperforating arteries
49
thalamic reticular nucleus
- occupies key position for thalamocorticoal (TC) and corticothalamic (CT) operations
- located at thalamus-white matter interface between internal capsule and external medullary lamina where TC and CT intersect
- concerned with almost all functional modalities
50
thalamic reticular nucleus sectors
at least seven:
- five sensory (auditory, gustatory, somatosensory, visceral, visual)
- one motor
- one limbic
51
reticular formation
- interconnected nuclei found throughout brainstem
- contains ascending and descending reticular formation
52
reticular formation nuclei list
- dorsal tegmental nuclei
- central tegmental nuclei
- central and inferior nuclei
53
dorsal tegmental nuclei location
midbrain
54
central tegmental nuclei location
pons
55
central and inferior nuclei location
medulla
56
ascending reticular formation
- reticular activating system
- sleep/wake cycle (alertness levels)
- projects to the mid-line group of the thalamus
57
descending reticular formation
- posture and equilibrium and ANS activity
- receives info from hypothalamus
- plays a role in motor movement
