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anatomy lectures > brainstem nuclei and tracts > Flashcards

brainstem nuclei and tracts Flashcards

1
Q

are descending tracts motor or sensory

A

motor

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2
Q

are ascending tracts motor or sensory

A

sensory

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3
Q

brainstem

A
  • a pathway for tracts running between higher and lower neural centers
  • located between cerebrum and spinal cord
  • produces automatic behaviors necessary for survival
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4
Q

brainstem consists of …

A

deep gray matter surrounded by white matter fiber tracts

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5
Q

which nerves are in the pontomedullary junction

A
  • trigeminal nerve
  • abducens nerve
  • facial nerve
  • vestibulocochlear nerve
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6
Q

three levels of motor and sensory pathways

A
  1. cortex/basal ganglia/ cerebellum/thalamus
  2. brainstem
  3. spinal cord
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7
Q

corticobulbar tract

A

from the cortex to the brainstem

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8
Q

corticospinal tracts

A

from the cortex to the spinal cord

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9
Q

primary motor pathways

A
  • corticobulbar
  • corticospinal tracts
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10
Q

lateral corticospinal tract function

A

conveys commands to the body (playing the piano, tap dancing)

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11
Q

anterior corticospinal tract function

A

controls trunk muscles (core exercises)

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12
Q

what do the 3 levels of sensory pathways recieve input from

A

sensory receptors

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13
Q

direct connection between the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and final common pathway

A

none

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14
Q

feedback loops involving two independent subcortical systems …

A

modulate activity at the brainstem and cortical levels

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15
Q

what does the cerebral aqueduct separate

A

anterior and posterior midbrain

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16
Q

substantial nigra function

A
  • dopamine production to inhibit the basal nuclei excitatory neurons
  • voluntary movement
17
Q

midbrain nuclei

A
  • red nuclei
  • nuclei of cranial nerves 3 and 4
  • substantial nigra
18
Q

red nuclei

A
  • contains numerous blood vessels
  • receives info from the cerebrum and cerebellum
  • issues subconscious motor commands concerned with muscle tone and posture
19
Q

midbrain tracts

A
  • motor tracts
  • sensory axons
  • cerebral peduncles
20
Q

midbrain motor tract

A
  • include pyramidal system
  • pass downward on the midbrain’s ventral surface
21
Q

midbrain sensory axons

A
  • including spinothalamic tract
  • ascend along the dorsal midbrain
22
Q

midbrain cerebral peduncles

A
  • efferent projections include corticobulbar and corticospinal axons
23
Q

corpora quadrigemina parts

A
  • two superior colliculi
  • two inferior colliculi
24
Q

superior colliculi

A
  • visual system
  • relaying input from the optic tract to the lateral geniculate bodies of the thalamus
25
Q

inferior colliculi

A
  • auditory pathway
  • send information to the medial geniculate bodies of the thalamas
26
Q

reticular activating system

A

present throughout the brainstem and is involved in the sleep-wake cycle

27
Q

pons nuclei

A
  • sensory and motor nuclei for trigeminal, abducens, facial, and vestibulocochlear nerves
  • apneustic and pneumotaxic centers work with the medulla (maintains respiratory rythym)
  • raphe nuclei
  • reticular activing system
28
Q

pons tracts

A
  • superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles
  • motor and sensory tracts traverse the anterior surface of the pons
  • sensory fibers are posterior to the motor fibers
29
Q

medulla nuclei

A
  • autonomic nuclei
  • sensory and motor nuclei of glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves
  • relay nuclei
30
Q

medulla autonomic nuclei

A
  • cardiovascular (alter rate and force of cardiac contractions, alter the tone of vascular smooth muscle)
  • respiratory rhythmicity centers (receive input from the pons)
  • additional centers (emesis, deglutition, coughing, hiccuping, and sneezing)
31
Q

medulla relay nuclei

A
  • nucleus gracilis
  • nucleus cuneatus
  • olivary nuclei
32
Q

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

A

pass somatic sensory information to the thalamas

33
Q

olivary nuclei

A

relay info from the spinal cord, cerebral cortex, and the brainstem to the cerebellar cortex

34
Q

medulla tracts

A

corticospinal tracts

35
Q

what forms the medullary pyramids

A

large motor corticospinal tracts

anatomy lectures (18 decks)

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