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the ventricles and CSF Flashcards

1
Q

ventricles

A

connected internal cavities in the brain filled with CSF

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2
Q

CSF

A

protein rich fluid essential for brain function

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3
Q

lateral ventricles are in the __________________

A

prosencephalon

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4
Q

third ventricle is in the __________________

A

diencephalon

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5
Q

third ventricle is in the __________________

A

hindbrain

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6
Q

does CSF flow bilaterally

A

no, unilaterally

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7
Q

development of the ventricles

A
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8
Q

what does the brain develop from

A

neural tube

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9
Q

developmentally the brain consists of …

A
  • forebrain
  • midbrain
  • hindbrain
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10
Q

forebrain parts

A
  • cerebrum
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
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11
Q

hindbrain parts

A
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
  • cerebellum
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12
Q

brainstem parts

A
  • midbrain
  • hindbrain
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13
Q

primary divisions of the neural tube

A
  • prosencephalon
  • mesencephalon
  • rhombencephalon
  • spinal cord
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14
Q

prosencephalon subdivisions

A
  • telencephalon
  • diencephalon
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15
Q

telencephalon main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • olfactory lobes
  • cerebral hemispheres
  • lateral ventricles
  • rostral portion of the 3rd ventricle
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16
Q

diencephalon main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • epithalamus
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • infundibulum
  • most of the 3rd ventricle
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17
Q

mesencephalon main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • colliculi/corpora quadrigemini
  • cerebral peduncle
  • cerebral aqueduct
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18
Q

rhombencephalon subdivisions

A
  • metecephalon
  • myelencephalon
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19
Q

mesencephalon subdivisions

A

mesencephalon

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20
Q

metencephalon main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • cerebellum
  • pons
  • 4th ventricle
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21
Q

myelencephalon main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • 4th ventricle
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22
Q

spinal cord subdivisions

A

spinal cord

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23
Q

spinal cord main constituent parts and cavities

A
  • spinal cord
  • central canal
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24
Q

two lateral ventricles communicate through the ___________________ ______________ __ _______ with the ______________ ________________

A

interventricular foramen (of Monro); third ventricle

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25
Q

what makes up the body of the lateral ventricles

A

anterior, posterior, and inferior horns

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26
Q

roof of the lateral ventricles

A

under surface of the corpus callosum

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27
Q

floor of the lateral ventricles

A
  • body of the caudate nucleus
  • lateral margin of the thalamus
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28
Q

medial wall of the lateral ventricles

A

septum pellucidum

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29
Q

anterior boundary of the lateral ventricles

A

anterior column of the fornix

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30
Q

posterior boundary of the lateral ventricle

A

the anterior end of the thalamus

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31
Q

what projects into the body of the ventricle

A

choroid plexus

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32
Q

in which lobe is the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles located

33
Q

how do the lateral ventricles communicate

A
  • separated by the septum pellucidum
  • do not communicate
34
Q

how are the third and fourth ventricles connected

A

cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius)

35
Q

what bounds the third ventricle

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

36
Q

what is the fourth ventricle continuous with

A
  • the central canal
  • three foramina in its roof with the subarachnoid space
37
Q

fourth ventricle foramen names and location

A
  • foramen of Lushka (x2 lateral)
  • Magendie (x1 posterior)
38
Q

terminal ventricle

A

small dilation at the inferior end of the central canal

39
Q

CSF color

40
Q

what is in CSF

A
  • inorganic salts (similar to those found in blood plasma)
  • glucose
  • protein
  • lymphocytes
41
Q

CSF pressure range

42
Q

total volume of CSF

A

135-150 mls

43
Q

CSF functions

A
  • protection
  • buoyancy
  • waste product excretion
  • endocrine medium for the brain
44
Q

CSF function - protection

A

buffers the brain

45
Q

CSF function - buoyancy

A

net weight of brain is reduced

46
Q

CSF function - waste product excretion

A

one-way flow of CSF to the blood takes away potentially harmful metabolites, drugs, and substances

47
Q

CSF function - endocrine medium for the brain

A
  • transport hormones to entire brain
  • hormones released into CSF is carried to remote sites of the brain
48
Q

where is CSF formed

A
  • choroid plexuses of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles
  • ependyma surrounding capillaries and loose connective tissue
49
Q

ependyma

A

cuboidal epithelial cells

50
Q

how much CSF is produced daily

51
Q

plaque that causes Alzheimers

A

beta amyloid

52
Q

how many times is CSF recycled and why

A
  • 4x/day
  • clean out metabolites and toxins
53
Q

into where does most CSF drain

A

into the blood through arachnoid granulations in the superior sagittal sinus

54
Q

flow of CSF

A

the subarachnoid space through aperatures, into the cisterna magna (via lateral and medial aperatures)

55
Q

what facilitates the flow of CSF

A
  • pulsations of the cerebral and spinal arteries
  • vertebral column movements
  • respiration, coughing
  • changing body position
56
Q

how does CSF flow into the bloodstream

A

small protrusions of the arachnoid through the dura mater into the venous sinuses of the brain

57
Q

arachnoid villi job with CSF

A

one way valves, prevent backflow

58
Q

what pressure gradient allows CSF to flow into the bloodstream

A

CSF pressure > venous pressure

59
Q

hydrocephalus

A

a neurological disorder caused by an abnormal buildup of CSF in the ventricles

60
Q

hydrocephalus causes

A
  • overproduction of CSF
  • obstruction in the ventricular system
  • problems with CSF absorption
61
Q

types of hydrocephalus

A
  • communicating hydrocephalus
  • non-communicating hydrocephalus
62
Q

communicating hydrocephalus

A
  • full communication between ventricles and subarachnoid space
  • usually defective absorption of CSF
  • sometimes insufficient venous drainage
  • rarely CSF overproduction
63
Q

non-communicating hydrocephalus

A
  • lack of communication between ventricles and subarachnoid space
  • CSF flow is obstructed
64
Q

how is hydrocephalus decompression achieved

A

insert a shunt that connects the ventricles to the jugular vein or the abdominal peritoneum

65
Q

shunt

A

hollow tube surgically placed in the brain to help drain CSF

66
Q

papilledema

A

swelling of the optic nerve

67
Q

papilledema cause and result

A
  • CSF pressure increase compresses the thin walls of the retinal vein as it crosses the subarachnoid space to enter the optic nerve
  • optic disc bulging forward and optic disc edema
68
Q

what does persistent papilledema lead to

A

optic atrophy and blindness

69
Q

what is CSF pressure increase usually caused by

A
  • meningitis
  • increase in brain volume (edema, tumor, cerebral abscess, or hematoma)
70
Q

cloudy CSF meaning

A

presence of polymorphonuclearleukocytes

71
Q

polymorphonuclearleukocytes

A

excessive protein quantity

72
Q

increase in white cells in CSF meaning

A

encephalitis

73
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

74
Q

an increase in protein in CSF meaning

A

a change in vascular permeability allowing protein to get into CSF

75
Q

blood in CSF meaning

A

contamination brought about by puncture of a vertebral vein by a spinal tap needle

76
Q

xanthochromia definition

A

yellow coloration

77
Q

xanthochromatic CSF meaning

A

presence of oxyhemaglobin in the fluid following subarachnoid hemorrhage

78
Q

spinal tap

A

spinal fluid is collected for testing

anatomy lectures (18 decks)

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