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anatomy lectures > blood supply to the brain and spinal cord > Flashcards

blood supply to the brain and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

brain receives blood from which two arteries

A
  • internal carotid
  • vertebral arteries
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2
Q

which arteries form the circle of willis

A
  • internal carotid artery
  • vertebral arteries
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3
Q

arterial supply to the head and neck

A
  • subclavian
  • common carotid
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4
Q

subclavian artery, vertebral arteries, vertebrobasilar system supplies ?

A
  • occipital lobe
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • thalamus
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5
Q

aortic arch arteries (left to right)

A
  • brachiocephalic artery
  • left common carotid artrery
  • left subclavian artery
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6
Q

brachiocephalic branches

A
  • right common carotid artery
  • right subclavian artery
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7
Q

subclavian artery branches

A
  • vertebral artery
  • costocervical trunk (branches: supreme intercostal and deep cervical)
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8
Q

posterior intercostal arteries origin

A
  • (1 + 2) from the superior (supreme) intercostal artery, a branch of the costocervical trunk
  • (3 to 11) posterior intercostal arteries arise directly from the posterior surface of the thoracic aorta
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9
Q

thoracic artery origin

A

descending aorta

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10
Q

lumbar artery origin

A

abdominal aorta

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11
Q

what sits in the anterior median fissure

A

anterior spinal artery

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12
Q

anterior spinal artery function

A

supply anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord

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13
Q

posterior spinal artery function

A

supply posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord

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14
Q

posterior spinal artery origin

A

vertebral arteries

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15
Q

anterior spinal artery origin

A

vertebral arteries

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16
Q

posterior intercostal artery branches

A

spinal branch of posterior intercostal artery

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17
Q

spinal branch of posterior intercostal artery

A
  • anterior radicular artery
  • posterior radicular artery
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18
Q

posterior radicular artery feeds into ? artery

A

posterior spinal artery

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19
Q

anterior radicular artery feeds into ? artery

A

anterior spinal artery

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20
Q

arterial vasocorona function

A

connects anterior and posterior spinal arteries

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21
Q

(T10-T12 and below), what is the major blood supply to anterior spinal artery

A

artery of adam kiewicz/great anterior segmental medullary artery

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22
Q

through which formina do the vertebral arteries run through

A

cervical vertebrae transverse formina to suboccipital triangle to foramen magnum

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23
Q

vertebral artery branches

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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24
Q

PICA stands for ?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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25
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar artery branches

A
  • posterior spinal arteries
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26
Q

anterior spinal artery origin

A

vertebral artery branches fuse together

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27
Q

vertebral arteries fuse together anteriorly to form ?

A

basilar artery

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28
Q

basilar artery branches (posterior to anterior)

A
  • anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
  • labyrinthine/internal acoustic arteries
  • pontine branches (4 pairs)
  • superior cerebellar arteries
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29
Q

pyramid supply

A

anterior spinal artery

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30
Q

at what level are the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries formed

A

pons

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31
Q

which arteries supply the top of cerebellum

A

superior cerebellar arteries

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32
Q

basilar artery feeds into ?

A

posterior cerebral artery

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33
Q

posterior cerebeal artery segments

A
  • p1
  • p2
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34
Q

posterior communicating arteries origin

A

posterior cerebral artery

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35
Q

posterior circle of willis blood supply

A

vertebral arteries

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36
Q

80% of circle of willis blood supply (+ 20%)

A

right and left internal carotid arteries (vertebrobasilar system)

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37
Q

internal carotid artery branches (medial to lateral)

A
  • ophthalmic artery
  • middle cerebral artery
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38
Q

middle cerebral artery branches (medial to lateral)

A
  • anterior coroidal artery
  • lenticulostriate arteries
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39
Q

lenticulostriate arteries importance

A
  • internal capsule
  • lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus, putamen)
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40
Q

anterior cerebral artery origin

A

internal carotid at nearly a right angle

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41
Q

anterior cerebral artery segements

A
  • a1
  • a2
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42
Q

anterior communicating artery origin

A

anterior cerebral artery

43
Q

common carotid branches

A
  • internal carotid
  • external carotid
44
Q

external carotid artery supplies ?

A

face, skull, scalp, meninges

45
Q

internal carotid artery supplies ?

A

forebrain (except occipital lobe)

46
Q

what artery supplies the internal and external carotid arteries

A

left common carotid artery

47
Q

internal carotid foramen

A

carotid canal of temporal bone

48
Q

petrous carotid canal

A
  • carotid canal of temporal bone
  • caroticotympanic artery
49
Q

cavernous carotid canal

A
  • trigeminal ganglion
  • orbital cavity
  • hypophyseal
50
Q

cerebral carotid canal

A
  • pierces dura mater and tracks between optic and oculomotor nerves
  • terminates at lateral fissure by forming anterior and middle cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, and anterior choroidal
51
Q

anterior choroidal artery exits ?

A

near posterior communicating branch

52
Q

anterior choroidal artery supplies ?

A
  • cru cerebri of midbrain
  • lateral geniculate body
  • choroid plexus
  • caudate nucleus
  • globus pallidus
  • amygdala
  • hypothalamus
  • red nucleus
  • substantia nigra
  • posterior limb of internal capsule
  • optic radiation/tract
  • hippocamus
  • fimbria of fornix
53
Q

vertebral arteries originate from ?

A

subclavian arteries

54
Q

vertebral artery path

A
  • ascend through the transverse foramina of upper 6 cervical vertebrae
  • moves outwards and upwards to the transverse foramen of the atlas
  • moves backwards along articular process of atlas
  • passes beneath atlanto-occipital ligament and enters foramen magnum
  • arteries unite at caudal pons border to form basilar artery
  • unites with anterior and middle cerebral arteries of internal carotid to form circle of willis
55
Q

anterior cerebral artery surgical segments

A
  • a1 (interncal carotid a. to anterior communication a.)
  • a2 (anterior communication a. to callosomarginal a.)
  • a3 (callosomarginal a. to paricallosal a.)
56
Q

anterior cerebral artery branches

A
  • cortical
  • deep
57
Q

cortical anterior cerebral artery supplies…

A
  • olfactory cortex
  • corpus callosum
  • cingulate gyrus
  • frontal gyrus
  • paracentral lobule

*motor and sensory cortex for lower limbs

58
Q

deep anterior cerebral artery supplies… via ?

A
  • rostrum of corpus callosum
  • head of caudate nucleus
  • internal capsule
  • medial striate artery
59
Q

middle cerebral artery surgical segments

A
  • m1 (interal carotid a. to birfucation)
  • m2 (lateral/insular/sylvian fissure)
  • m3 (outside lateral fissure)
  • m4 (cortical segments)
60
Q

middle cerebral artery branches

A
  • cortical
  • deep (from m1)
61
Q

cortical middle cerebral artery supplies…

A
  • all frontal gyri
  • posterior central gyrus
  • inferior parietal lobe

*motor and somatosensory cortices except lower limbs, auditory zone, insula

62
Q

deep middle cerebral artery supplies…

A
  • from m1
  • lateral striate or lenticulostriate from external capsule
  • lentiform and caudate nucleus
63
Q

posterior arterial circulation comprises of ?

A

branches of posterior cerebral (terminal branch of basilar artery)

64
Q

posterior cerebral artery branches

A
  • cortical
  • central
65
Q

cortical branch of posterior cerebral artery supplies ?

A
  • temporal cortex
  • parietal cortex
  • occipital cortex

*visual areas and structures of visual pathway

66
Q

central branch of posterior cerebral artery supplies ?

A
  • thalamus
  • subthalamus
  • ventricles/choroid plexus
  • globus pallidus
  • pineal gland
67
Q

basilar artery

A
  • pontine branches
  • ## superior cerebellar artery
68
Q

superior cerebellar artery supplies ?

A
  • pons
  • pineal body
  • medulla
  • 3rd ventricle
69
Q

superior cerebellar artery branch is ?

A

labyrinthine artery

70
Q

labyrinthine artery supplies ?

A

middle ear

71
Q

anterior inferior cerebellat artery supplies ?

A

lower cerebellum

72
Q

vertebral artery branches

A
  • meningeal branches
  • posterior inferior cerebellar artery
73
Q

vertebral arteries supply ?

A
  • midbrain
  • medulla
  • pons
  • cerebellum
74
Q

common sites of occlusion

75
Q

PICA/AICA damage result

A

functional deficits of cranial nerves, somatic sensory, and motor function

76
Q

anterior cerebral artery neurological symptoms of ischaemia

A
  • voluntary movement deficiency
  • disabled thought process
  • personality changes
77
Q

posterior cerebral artery neurological symptoms of ischaemia

A
  • vision loss
  • reading issues
78
Q

middle cerebral artery neurological symptoms of ischaemia

A
  • face and arm weakness
  • brocas aphasia
  • wernickes aphasia
79
Q

vertebrobasilar artery neurological symptoms of ischaemia

A
  • quadriplegia, hemiplegia
  • ataxia dysphagia
  • dysarthria
  • vision issues
80
Q

middle cerebral artery supplies ?

A
  • part of frontal lobe
  • lateral surface of temporal lobe
  • parietal lobe (motor and sensory)
  • areas of face, throat, arm, hand
  • wernicke’s and broca’s area
81
Q

posterior cerebral artery supplies ?

A
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
82
Q

veins of the head and neck start ? and become ?

A
  • small
  • larger near the base of the neck on the way to the heart
83
Q

veins of head and neck have greater ? than arteries

A

variability in location

84
Q

2 divisions of venous drainage from the head

A
  • external jugular veins
  • internal jugular veins
85
Q

external jugular veins

A
  • lie external to sternocleidomastoid
  • drain blood from outside the skull and deep face
  • superficial
86
Q

internal jugular veins

A
  • descends with carotid sheath
  • drains head, brain, face, neck
87
Q

both external and internal jugular veins drain to ?

A

subclavian veins

88
Q

subclavian veins form the ?

A

brachiocephalic vein

89
Q

brachiocephalic vein enter ?

A

superior vena cava

90
Q

cerebral sinuses lie in between ? and ?

A

layers of minigeal and endosteal dura

91
Q

cerebral sinuses function

A
  • receive blood from superficial and deep veins of the brain
  • drain csf from subarachnoid space into internal jugular vein
92
Q

superficial cerebral veins

A
  • sagittal sinuses (superior and inferior)
  • cortical veins
93
Q

deep cerebral veins

A
  • transverse sinus
  • straight sinus
  • sigmoid sinus
  • basal vein of rosenthal
  • internal cerebral veins
  • great vein of galen
94
Q

superficial cerebral veins function

A

drain superficial surfaces of both cerebral hemispheres and cortex of csf

95
Q

deep cerebral veins function

A

drain deeper parts of hemispheres (basal nuclei, internal capsule, diencephalon, choroid plexus)

96
Q

spinal cord main arteries

A
  • anterior spinal artery
  • posterior spinal arteries
  • branches of segmental arteries
97
Q

anterior spinal artery is a branch of ?

A

vertebral artery

98
Q

anterior spinal artery enters via ?

A

ventral median fissure

99
Q

anterior spinal artery supplies how much of the spinal cord

100
Q

posterior spinal arteries supply how much of the spinal cord

101
Q

posterior spinal arteries travels along ?

A

dorsolateral surface of the cord

102
Q

branches of segmental arteries travel in with ?

A

spinal roots

103
Q

branches of segmental arteries

A
  • cervical arteries
  • intercostals arteries
  • lumbar arteries
  • sacral arteries
104
Q

spinal veins drain into ?

A

internal vertebral venous plexus (vertebral canal/epidural space)

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