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anatomy lectures > cerebral cortex > Flashcards

cerebral cortex Flashcards

1
Q

nucleus definition

A

collection of neuron cells bodies in the CNS

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2
Q

tract definition

A

collection of axons in the CNS

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3
Q

ganglia definition

A

collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

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4
Q

cerebrum

A
  • largest part of the brain
  • controls higher mental functions (conscious thoughts and experience)
  • processes somatic sensory and motor information
  • divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres
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5
Q

gray matter

A

cell bodies

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6
Q

where is gray matter found

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • basal nuclei (ganglia)
  • caudate nucleus
  • lentiform nucleus
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7
Q

white matter

A
  • myelinated axons that connect cerebral cortex with other brain regions
  • deep to cerebral cortex
  • surrounds basal nuclei
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8
Q

corpus callosum function

A

connects white matter of both hemispheres

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9
Q

where is the cerebral cortex thickest

A

over the crest of the convolution

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10
Q

where is the cerebral cortex thinnest

A

depth of sulci

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11
Q

why does the brain have a folded surface

A

increases surface area

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12
Q

gyri

A

elevated ridges

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13
Q

sulci

A

shallow depressions

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14
Q

fissures

A

deep grooves

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15
Q

superior frontal gyrus

A
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16
Q

longitudinal fissure

A
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17
Q

middle frontal gyrus

A
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18
Q

inferior frontal gyrus

A
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19
Q

precentral gyrus

A
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20
Q

postcentral gyrus

A
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21
Q

central sulcus

A
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22
Q

lateral sulcus

A
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23
Q

fiber tracts in white matter

A
  • commissural fibers
  • association fibers
  • projection fibers
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24
Q

commissural fibers

A

connect cortices of right and left cerebral hemispheres

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25
Q

what is corpus callosum made of

A

commissural fibers

26
Q

association fibers

A

connect regions of the cerebral cortex within one hemisphere

27
Q

association fiber types

A
  • short (arcuate) association fibers
  • long (longitudinal) association fibers
28
Q

short (arcuate) association fibers

A

connect adjacent gyri

29
Q

long (longitudinal) association fibers

A

connect distant gyri of different lobes

30
Q

projection fibers

A

fibers that leave the cerebral white matter

31
Q

what forms the internal capsule

A

projection fibers

32
Q

projection fiber types

A
  • corticofugal
  • corticopedal
33
Q

corticofugal

A
  • projection fibers
  • terminate in the basal nuclei, brainstem, or spinal cord
34
Q

corticopedal

A

originate in thalamus and terminate in cerebral cortex

35
Q

cortex types of neurons

A
  • pyramidal neurons
  • non-pyramidal neurons
36
Q

pyramidal neurons

A
  • apical and basal dendrites
  • dendritic spines
  • elongated
  • apical dendrite extends up to cortical surface
  • projection neurons
  • excitatory
  • homogeneous
37
Q

projection neurons

A

axons project from the cortex to the white matter

38
Q

non-pyramidal neurons

A
  • heterogenous group
  • stellate and basket cell mainly
  • small and multipolar
  • axons stay in grey matter
  • interneurons
  • inhibitory
39
Q

brodmann’s area 17 (function and location)

A
  • primary vision
  • lateral occipital love
40
Q

brodmann’s area 1, 2, 3 (function and location)

A
  • primary body sensation
  • postcentral gyrus
41
Q

brodmann’s area 4 (function and location)

A
  • primary motor
  • precentral gyrus
42
Q

brodmann’s area 6 (function and location)

A
  • secondary motor
  • superior frontal
43
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • decision making
  • voluntary movement control
  • expressive language function
  • mood, personality, judgement, motivation, and executive function
44
Q

parietal lobe

A

processing sensory and spatial information

45
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • process memories and integrate them with emotion and the 5 senses
  • auditory perception, discrimination, receptive language function
  • olfaction and memory
46
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual perception and reception

47
Q

insular lobe

A
  • taste afferent information
  • somatic sensory and limbic function
  • influences autonomic (visceral) function
48
Q

three types of functional areas of the cerebral cortex

A
  • motor areas
  • sensory areas
  • association areas
49
Q

motor area of the cerebral cortex

A
  • controls voluntary movement
  • precentral gyrus of frontal lobe
50
Q

sensory area of the cerebral cortex

A
  • conscious awareness of sensation
  • receives somatic sensory information (touch, pressure, pain, vibration, taste, and temp)
  • postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe
51
Q

precentral gyrus features

A
  • contralateral (right brain controls left body, etc.)
  • disproportionate
  • inverted
52
Q

prefrontal cortex

A
  • coordinates info from association areas
  • in front of motor and premotor areas
  • important in intellect, planning, reasoning, mood, abstract ideas, judgement, conscience, and accurately predicting consequences
53
Q

association areas

A
  • any brain region that receives input from more than one sensory modality
  • abundance determines intellectual capacity
54
Q

what do the association areas include

A
  • parietal cortex
  • temporal cortex
  • frontal cortex
55
Q

parietal cortex

A

attending stimuli in external and internal environment

56
Q

temporal cortex

A

identifying the nature of the stimuli

57
Q

frontal cortex

A

planning an appropriate response to stimuli

58
Q

hemispheric lateralization

A

functional differences between left and right hemispheres

59
Q

which hemisphere is dominant

A

left hemisphere

60
Q

left hemisphere controls

A

reading, writing, math, decision-making, logic, speech, and language

61
Q

right hemisphere

A

facial and voice recognition , affect, visual/spatial reasoning, emotion, artistic skill

anatomy lectures (18 decks)

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