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anatomy lectures > spinal cord > Flashcards

spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

what does the spinal cord run through

A

the vertebral canal

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2
Q

spinal cord functions

A
  • sensory and motor innervation via the spinal nerves
  • major center for reflexes
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3
Q

adult spinal cord

A
  • extends to the conus medullaris
  • spinal cord segments are superior to where their corresponding spinal nerves emerge through the intervertebral foramina
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4
Q

denticulate ligaments

A

lateral shelves of pia mater anchoring to dura

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5
Q

conus medullaris tapers into the ________ ________ tethered to the _________

A

cauda equina; coccyx

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6
Q

to which part of the spinal cord are the lateral horns unique

A

thoracic

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7
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

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8
Q

where do the spinal nerves attach

A

attach through dorsal and ventral nerve roots

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9
Q

where do the spinal nerves pass through

A

intervertebral foramina

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10
Q

how many spinal nerve pairs are there in the cervical spine

A

8 cervical

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11
Q

how many spinal nerve pairs are there in the thoracic spine

A

12 thoracic

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12
Q

how many spinal nerve pairs are there in the lumbar spine

A

5 lumbar

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13
Q

how many spinal nerve pairs are there in the sacral spine

A

5 sacral

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14
Q

how many spinal nerve pairs are there in the coccygeal spine

A

1 coccygeal

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15
Q

cauda equina

A

collection of nerve roots at inferior end of vertebral canal

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16
Q

cervical spinal nerves exit from ______ the respective vertebra

A

above

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17
Q

3 meningeal membranes of the spinal cord

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
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18
Q

3 potential spaces of the spinal cord

A
  • epidural space
  • subdural space
  • subarachnoid space
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19
Q

spinal cord protection

A
  • bone
  • CSF
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20
Q

what makes the spine flexible

A

lots of white matter = myelination = high fat levels = flexibility

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21
Q

spinal tap (lumbar puncture)

A
  • needle introduced into subarachnoid space to collect CSF
  • determine infectious and inflammatory disease
  • control and detect CSF pressure
  • anesthetic delivery
22
Q

lumbar spine needs to be _________ so needle can pass between spinal processes

A

flexed

23
Q

spinal reflex example

A

take hand back from hot pan, etc.

24
Q

visceral motor of the gray matter

A

visceral motor = autonomic = involuntary = organs

25
Q

somatic motor of the gray matter

A

somatic motor = somatic = voluntary = skeletal muscle + skin

26
Q

cervical?

A
27
Q

thoracic?

A
28
Q

lumbar?

A
29
Q

sacral?

A
30
Q

ascending fibers (white matter in spinal cord)

A

sensory info from sensory neurons/receptors to brain

31
Q

descending fibers (white matter in spinal cord)

A

motor instructions from brain to spinal cord

32
Q

descending fibers function

A
  • stimulate contraction of muscles
  • stimulate secretion from glands
33
Q

commissural fibers (white matter)

A

white matter fibers crossing from one side of spinal cord to the other

34
Q

how many pathways decussate at some point

A

many

35
Q

most pathways synapse ? times from brain to spinal cord

A

2 or 3

36
Q

ascending pathways (white matter)

A

sensory information by 3 orders of neurons from body up to more rostral regions of CNS

37
Q

3 orders of neurons in ascending pathways (white matter)

A
  • dorsal column
  • spinothalamic tracts
  • spinocerebellar tracts
38
Q

descending pathways (white matter)

A
  • motor instructions via upper and lower order neurons from the brain to more caudal regions of the CNS
39
Q

types of descending pathways (white matter)

A
  • pyramidal
  • extrapyramidal
40
Q

result of damage to descending tracts

A

paralysis

41
Q

result of damage to ascending tracts

A

paresthesias

42
Q

paresthesias

A

burning/prickly sensations

43
Q

major ascending pathways for the somatic senses

A
  • spinocerebellar
  • dorsal columns (medial lemniscus)
  • spinothalamic
44
Q

spinocerebellar pathways

A
  • ipsilateral
  • proprioception from skeletal muscles to cerebellum
45
Q

dorsal columns (medial lemniscus) pathways

A
  • contralateral
  • medulla decussation
  • discriminative touch sensation
  • through thalamus to somatosensory cortex
46
Q

spinothalamic pathways

A
  • contralateral
  • decussate in spinal cord
  • nondiscriminate sensations (pain, temp, pressure)
  • through the thalamus to the primary somatosensory cortex
47
Q

major descending pathways

A

pyramidal tracts:
- lateral corticospinal
- ventral (anterior) corticospinal

extrapyramidal tracts
- rubrospinal tract

48
Q

what do major descending pathways synapse with

A

ventral (anterior) horn interneurons

49
Q

lateral corticospinal pathways

A
  • cross in pyramids of medulla
  • voluntary motor to limb muscles
50
Q

ventral (anterior) corticospinal pathways

A
  • cross at spinal cord
  • voluntary to axial muscles

anatomy lectures (18 decks)

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