Visual Dysfunctions

Question 1

What is the link between vision loss and AIDS?

Answer 1

Vision loss is a late complication of AIDS

Question 2

Anopsia

Answer 2

Lack of vision in an eye due to interruption of an optic nerve

Question 3

What does cortical visual impairment result from?

Answer 3

Damage to visual cortex (extent of vision loss depends on amount of damage)

Question 4

Is the eye affected in cortical visual impairment?

Answer 4

No it is healthy (may be able to gain some vision back of vision stimulation is provided)

Question 5

What is diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 5

Proliferation of blood vessels may cause hemorrhaging into vitreous or scar formation of retina (blurred vision)

Question 6

When does diabetic retinopathy occur?

Answer 6

20 years after diabetes diagnosis (increased on how bad diabetes is and if it is controlled)

Question 7

Glaucoma

Answer 7

Caused by increased pressure in eye due to faulty drainage system

Question 8

What can occur if pressure continues in glaucoma?

Answer 8

Decreased blood supply so peripheral retina cells may die and damage optic nerve

Question 9

What are symptoms of glaucoma in adults?

Answer 9

Poor night vision

Halos around eyes

Light sensitivity (photophobia)

Question 10

Homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 10

Damage to optic tract which results in loss of vision to contralateral eye

Question 11

Where does hemianopia most commonly occur?

Answer 11

Right side

Question 12

How do brain stem strokes affect vision?

Answer 12

Difficulty with eye movements

Diplopia

Oscillopsia

Question 13

Nystagmus

Answer 13

Oscillations of eyes (often present at birth)

Question 14

How might eye movements be in someone with nystagmus?

Answer 14

Jerky or slow (could be result of neurological damage)

Question 15

What is happening in a farsighted (hyperopic) eye?

Answer 15

Eyeball is too short and light rays focus behind fovea of the retina

Question 16

What is happening in a near sighted (myopic) eye?

Answer 16

Eyeball is too long and light rays come to a focus before they reach the fovea of retina

Question 17

Astigmatism

Answer 17

Irregular curvature of the cornea (visual fatigue)

Question 18

Presbyopia

Answer 18

Lens becomes less flexible and less able to accommodate for near point viewing

Question 19

What causes refractive errors in vision?

Answer 19

Size of eye, shape of cornea and retina (inherited)

Question 20

Retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 20

Progressive retinal deterioration (slow progressive field loss)

Question 21

How does blindness occur in retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 21

Peripheral to tunnel vision or total blindness

Question 22

What is a common symptom of retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 22

Loss of night vision because rods are affected first

Question 23

Retinopathy of prematurity

Answer 23

Proliferation of blood vessels through retina and vitreous stretches the retina and causes retinal detachment

Question 24

Who does retinopathy of prematurity commonly affect?

Answer 24

Preemies that get prolonged oxygen

Question 25

Strabismus

Answer 25

Deviation in position of one or both eyes due to muscle imbalance (lazy eye)

Question 26

What is treatment of strabismus?

Answer 26

Surgery, visual training, or drugs (should be treated before 2 y/o as ability to correct decreases with age)

Question 27

What are types of strabismus?

Answer 27

Esotropia (deviation toward nose)

Exotropia (deviation away from nose)

Hypertropia (deviation upward)