Postural Control (2)

Question 1

Postural control

Answer 1

Controlling the body’s position in space for stability and orientation

Question 2

Postural orientation

Answer 2

Ability to maintain appropriate relationship between body segments, and between body and environment for a task

Question 3

Postural stability

Answer 3

Ability to control the COM in relationship to the BOS

Question 4

COM

Answer 4

Point at center of total body mass

Question 5

COG

Answer 5

Vertical projection of COM

Question 6

BOS

Answer 6

Area of body that is in contact with with support surface

Question 7

COP

Answer 7

Center of the distribution of the total force applied to the supporting surface

Question 8

What components does every task have?

Answer 8

An orientation and stability component

Question 9

What is true about the orientation and stability components in all task?

Answer 9

Either component can be maximized or sacrificed, depending on the task (walking a tightrope, maximizes, stability and sacrifices, orientation)

Question 10

What are the components of the individual in balance?

Answer 10

Motor, sensory, and cognitive

Question 11

What does the motor portion of the individual mean?

Answer 11

Musculoskeletal and muscle synergies

Question 12

What does the sensory portion of the individual mean?

Answer 12

Sensory systems and sensory organization

Question 13

What does the cognition portion of the individual mean?

Answer 13

Attention, motivation, and the ability to adapt in response to changing demands (anticipatory aspects of postural control)

Question 14

What are the different environments involved with balance?

Answer 14

Support surfaces, sensory context, and cognitive load

Question 15

How does changing the support surfaces affect balance?

Answer 15

It affects organization of muscles and forces needed to balance

Question 16

What affects ways that sensory information is used in balance?

Answer 16

Differences in visual and surface conditions

Question 17

How does multitasking affect balance?

Answer 17

Interferes with attention

Question 18

What may attention required for postural task reduce?

Answer 18

Performance of second task

Question 19

What can reduce the performance of postural task?

Answer 19

Complex secondary task (cannot focus on both)

Question 20

Steady state

Answer 20

Ability to control COM within BOS

Question 21

Proactive

Answer 21

Ability to activate muscles in legs and trunk for balance control in response to destabilizing voluntary movements

Question 22

Reactive

Answer 22

Ability to recover a stable position, following an unexpected disruption

Question 23

What does body alignment do?

Answer 23

Minimizes the effect of gravitational forces

Question 24

What does muscle tone do?

Answer 24

Keeps body from collapsing in response to gravity

Question 25

What are fixed support strategies of balance?

Answer 25

Ankle and hup

Question 26

What are change in support strategies of balance?

Answer 26

Stepping and reach to grasp

Question 27

What are the spinal contributions to balance?

Answer 27

Active extensor muscles for anti gravity support in postural orientation

Question 28

What are the brainstem contributions to balance?

Answer 28

Level of postural tone

Automatic postural synergies

Question 29

Spinal contributions use what type of system?

Answer 29

Somatosensory

Question 30

Brainstem contributions use which type of system?

Answer 30

Vestibular

Question 31

What is the basil gang’s role in balance?

Answer 31

Postural set (ability to quickly change muscle patterns)