Postural Control (2) Flashcards
Postural control
Controlling the body’s position in space for stability and orientation
Postural orientation
Ability to maintain appropriate relationship between body segments, and between body and environment for a task
Postural stability
Ability to control the COM in relationship to the BOS
COM
Point at center of total body mass
COG
Vertical projection of COM
BOS
Area of body that is in contact with with support surface
COP
Center of the distribution of the total force applied to the supporting surface
What components does every task have?
An orientation and stability component
What is true about the orientation and stability components in all task?
Either component can be maximized or sacrificed, depending on the task (walking a tightrope, maximizes, stability and sacrifices, orientation)
What are the components of the individual in balance?
Motor, sensory, and cognitive
What does the motor portion of the individual mean?
Musculoskeletal and muscle synergies
What does the sensory portion of the individual mean?
Sensory systems and sensory organization
What does the cognition portion of the individual mean?
Attention, motivation, and the ability to adapt in response to changing demands (anticipatory aspects of postural control)
What are the different environments involved with balance?
Support surfaces, sensory context, and cognitive load
How does changing the support surfaces affect balance?
It affects organization of muscles and forces needed to balance
What affects ways that sensory information is used in balance?
Differences in visual and surface conditions
How does multitasking affect balance?
Interferes with attention
What may attention required for postural task reduce?
Performance of second task
What can reduce the performance of postural task?
Complex secondary task (cannot focus on both)
Steady state
Ability to control COM within BOS
Proactive
Ability to activate muscles in legs and trunk for balance control in response to destabilizing voluntary movements
Reactive
Ability to recover a stable position, following an unexpected disruption
What does body alignment do?
Minimizes the effect of gravitational forces
What does muscle tone do?
Keeps body from collapsing in response to gravity
What are fixed support strategies of balance?
Ankle and hup
What are change in support strategies of balance?
Stepping and reach to grasp
What are the spinal contributions to balance?
Active extensor muscles for anti gravity support in postural orientation
What are the brainstem contributions to balance?
Level of postural tone
Automatic postural synergies
Spinal contributions use what type of system?
Somatosensory
Brainstem contributions use which type of system?
Vestibular
What is the basil gang’s role in balance?
Postural set (ability to quickly change muscle patterns)
