vision loss

Question 1

optic neuritis is unilateral or bi

Answer 1

uni

Question 2

dont give this as trmt for optic neuritis

Answer 2

oral steroids

Question 3

papilledema

Answer 3

swelling of optic disc from inc intracranial pressure

Question 4

papilledema is unilateral or bi

Answer 4

bi

Question 5

sx of papilledema

Answer 5

HA, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, blurry vision, constriction of visual field, diplopia

Question 6

APD in papilledema?

Answer 6

no bc its bilateral

Question 7

fundoscopic exam findings in papilledema

Answer 7

hyperemia, hemorrhages, swelling of optic disc, cotton wool spots
chronic: pale disc

Question 8

causes of papilledema

Answer 8

intracranial HTN, venous sinus thrombosis, encephalitis

Question 9

what meds can cause papilledema

Answer 9

tetracycline, monocycline, accutane, lithium, corticosteroids

Question 10

trmt for papilledema

Answer 10

CT or MRI w/o contrast then MRV to r/o venous sinus thrombosis, then lumbar puncture after normal MRI

Question 11

trmt for idiopathic intracranial HTN

Answer 11

diamox (to lower pressre), weight loss, ventriculoperitoneal shunts, optic nerve sheath decompression

Question 12

is acute open angle glaucoma uni or bilateral

Answer 12

uni

Question 13

sx of acute open angle glaucoma

Answer 13

deep ocular pain, dec vision, nausea, vomiting

Question 14

acute open angle glaucoma exam findings

Answer 14

fixed mid dialated pupil, narrow chamber angle

Question 15

trmt for acute open angle glaucoma

Answer 15

topical beta blockers to lower IOP and dec aqueous humor. pilocarpine to inc aqueous outflow, diamox, IV mannitol, peripheral iridectomy

Question 16

retinal detachment sx

Answer 16

flashes and floaters, dec vision, and curtain over vision

Question 17

what do we do about a RD

Answer 17

need full dialated exam from ophthamologist

Question 18

CRAO

Answer 18

sudden painless complete visual loss from interruption of retinal arterial blood flow that causes permenant damage

Question 19

exam findings of CRAO

Answer 19

venous stasis, narrow arteries and interruptions in venous columns, boxcarring, cherry red spot and pallor

Question 20

BRAO

Answer 20

branch of retinal artery is occluded so part of vision is lost

Question 21

BRAO is usually due to

Answer 21

embolism

Question 22

CRVO is usually in pts with

Answer 22

HTN/ arteriosclerosis

Question 23

fundo exam for CRVO

Answer 23

optic disc swelling, venous congestion, cotton wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, blood and thunder

Question 24

does neovascularization occur in CRVO

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

amarosis fugax

Answer 25

monocular vision loss from arterial insufficiency

Question 26

sx of amarosis fugax

Answer 26

blurry vision that comes and goes

Question 27

what do we do about amarosis fugax

Answer 27

refer to ophthamologist for dialated exam to check for carotid dopplers and ipsilateral caropid artery

Question 28

sx of cataract

Answer 28

blurry vision, colors faded, glare (headlights and halos), poor vision at night, diplopia, freq prescription changes

Question 29

nuclear sclerotic cataract

Answer 29

inc myopia, second sight, yellow lens

Question 30

cortical cataract

Answer 30

initially asymptomatic then get a glare from light scattering

Question 31

clefts and vacuoles, cuneiforms, wedge shape, inferonasal quadrant

Answer 31

cortical cataract

Question 32

posterior capsular cataract

Answer 32

affects near vision, vacuolated granular or plaque like look on slit lamp, black on retroillumination

Question 33

trmt for cataracts

Answer 33

cataract surgery with intraocular lens replacement

Question 34

glaucoma

Answer 34

damage to optic n from high IOP

Question 35

vision loss order in glaucoma

Answer 35

peripheral, central, blindness

Question 36

POAG

Answer 36

MC; aqueous humor does not go through trabeculae meshwork

Question 37

angle closure glaucoma

Answer 37

narrow drainage channel

Question 38

sx of POAG

Answer 38

loss of peripheral vision that goes unnoticed

Question 39

trmt for POAG

Answer 39

eye drops, laser, surgery

Question 40

what do eye drops do in POAG?

Answer 40

reduce formation of aqueous flow or increase outflow; SE include allergies, redness, stinging, cant give beta blockers with lung probs

Question 41

what do selective laser trabeculoplasty do in POAG?

Answer 41

inc outflow of fluid

Question 42

what do trabeculoplasty do in POAG?

Answer 42

drain fluid to dec IOP

Question 43

alternative to trabeculoplasty

Answer 43

shunt

Question 44

sx of dry ARMD

Answer 44

need light, blurry central vision, hard to see faces, slow onset

Question 45

fundo exam findings of dry ARMD

Answer 45

drusen around macula

Question 46

fundo exam findings of wet ARMD

Answer 46

hemorrhage under macula

Question 47

trmt for mac degen

Answer 47

AREDS 2: vit C, E, zinc, copper, luetein, zeaxathin, more fruits, veggies, fish

Question 48

trmt for wet ARMD and macular edema

Answer 48

anti vegf- slows vision loss

Question 49

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 49

retinal damage causing vision loss

Question 50

these organs are susceptible to damage in DM

Answer 50

eyes, kidney

Question 51

NPRD/background exam findings

Answer 51

microaneurysms, dot blot hemorrhages, cotton wool spots from ischemia

Question 52

PDR exam

Answer 52

ongoing injury causes blood supply to be shut down which is ischemia. ischemia causes VEG F to be released causing neovascularization

Question 53

vitreous hemorrhage is seeen on fundo in this disease

Answer 53

PRD

Question 54

trmt for PDR

Answer 54

panretinal photocoagulation PRP, virtectomy

Question 55

SE of PRP

Answer 55

peripheral vision loss, dec night vision

Question 56

old PRP turns this colorq

Answer 56

brown

Question 57

PDR can have blood vessels grow into the retina and cause this

Answer 57

viterous hemorrhage and retinal detachment

Question 58

diabetic macular edema

Answer 58

capillary microaneuryms leaks at macula and causes macula to swell

Question 59

fundo exam for diabetic macular edema

Answer 59

hard exudates and edema