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clin med > vision loss > Flashcards

vision loss Flashcards

1
Q

optic neuritis is unilateral or bi

A

uni

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2
Q

dont give this as trmt for optic neuritis

A

oral steroids

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3
Q

papilledema

A

swelling of optic disc from inc intracranial pressure

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4
Q

papilledema is unilateral or bi

A

bi

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5
Q

sx of papilledema

A

HA, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, blurry vision, constriction of visual field, diplopia

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6
Q

APD in papilledema?

A

no bc its bilateral

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7
Q

fundoscopic exam findings in papilledema

A

hyperemia, hemorrhages, swelling of optic disc, cotton wool spots
chronic: pale disc

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8
Q

causes of papilledema

A

intracranial HTN, venous sinus thrombosis, encephalitis

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9
Q

what meds can cause papilledema

A

tetracycline, monocycline, accutane, lithium, corticosteroids

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10
Q

trmt for papilledema

A

CT or MRI w/o contrast then MRV to r/o venous sinus thrombosis, then lumbar puncture after normal MRI

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11
Q

trmt for idiopathic intracranial HTN

A

diamox (to lower pressre), weight loss, ventriculoperitoneal shunts, optic nerve sheath decompression

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12
Q

is acute open angle glaucoma uni or bilateral

A

uni

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13
Q

sx of acute open angle glaucoma

A

deep ocular pain, dec vision, nausea, vomiting

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14
Q

acute open angle glaucoma exam findings

A

fixed mid dialated pupil, narrow chamber angle

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15
Q

trmt for acute open angle glaucoma

A

topical beta blockers to lower IOP and dec aqueous humor. pilocarpine to inc aqueous outflow, diamox, IV mannitol, peripheral iridectomy

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16
Q

retinal detachment sx

A

flashes and floaters, dec vision, and curtain over vision

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17
Q

what do we do about a RD

A

need full dialated exam from ophthamologist

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18
Q

CRAO

A

sudden painless complete visual loss from interruption of retinal arterial blood flow that causes permenant damage

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19
Q

exam findings of CRAO

A

venous stasis, narrow arteries and interruptions in venous columns, boxcarring, cherry red spot and pallor

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20
Q

BRAO

A

branch of retinal artery is occluded so part of vision is lost

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21
Q

BRAO is usually due to

A

embolism

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22
Q

CRVO is usually in pts with

A

HTN/ arteriosclerosis

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23
Q

fundo exam for CRVO

A

optic disc swelling, venous congestion, cotton wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, blood and thunder

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24
Q

does neovascularization occur in CRVO

A

yes

25
Q

amarosis fugax

A

monocular vision loss from arterial insufficiency

26
Q

sx of amarosis fugax

A

blurry vision that comes and goes

27
Q

what do we do about amarosis fugax

A

refer to ophthamologist for dialated exam to check for carotid dopplers and ipsilateral caropid artery

28
Q

sx of cataract

A

blurry vision, colors faded, glare (headlights and halos), poor vision at night, diplopia, freq prescription changes

29
Q

nuclear sclerotic cataract

A

inc myopia, second sight, yellow lens

30
Q

cortical cataract

A

initially asymptomatic then get a glare from light scattering

31
Q

clefts and vacuoles, cuneiforms, wedge shape, inferonasal quadrant

A

cortical cataract

32
Q

posterior capsular cataract

A

affects near vision, vacuolated granular or plaque like look on slit lamp, black on retroillumination

33
Q

trmt for cataracts

A

cataract surgery with intraocular lens replacement

34
Q

glaucoma

A

damage to optic n from high IOP

35
Q

vision loss order in glaucoma

A

peripheral, central, blindness

36
Q

POAG

A

MC; aqueous humor does not go through trabeculae meshwork

37
Q

angle closure glaucoma

A

narrow drainage channel

38
Q

sx of POAG

A

loss of peripheral vision that goes unnoticed

39
Q

trmt for POAG

A

eye drops, laser, surgery

40
Q

what do eye drops do in POAG?

A

reduce formation of aqueous flow or increase outflow; SE include allergies, redness, stinging, cant give beta blockers with lung probs

41
Q

what do selective laser trabeculoplasty do in POAG?

A

inc outflow of fluid

42
Q

what do trabeculoplasty do in POAG?

A

drain fluid to dec IOP

43
Q

alternative to trabeculoplasty

A

shunt

44
Q

sx of dry ARMD

A

need light, blurry central vision, hard to see faces, slow onset

45
Q

fundo exam findings of dry ARMD

A

drusen around macula

46
Q

fundo exam findings of wet ARMD

A

hemorrhage under macula

47
Q

trmt for mac degen

A

AREDS 2: vit C, E, zinc, copper, luetein, zeaxathin, more fruits, veggies, fish

48
Q

trmt for wet ARMD and macular edema

A

anti vegf- slows vision loss

49
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

retinal damage causing vision loss

50
Q

these organs are susceptible to damage in DM

A

eyes, kidney

51
Q

NPRD/background exam findings

A

microaneurysms, dot blot hemorrhages, cotton wool spots from ischemia

52
Q

PDR exam

A

ongoing injury causes blood supply to be shut down which is ischemia. ischemia causes VEG F to be released causing neovascularization

53
Q

vitreous hemorrhage is seeen on fundo in this disease

A

PRD

54
Q

trmt for PDR

A

panretinal photocoagulation PRP, virtectomy

55
Q

SE of PRP

A

peripheral vision loss, dec night vision

56
Q

old PRP turns this colorq

A

brown

57
Q

PDR can have blood vessels grow into the retina and cause this

A

viterous hemorrhage and retinal detachment

58
Q

diabetic macular edema

A

capillary microaneuryms leaks at macula and causes macula to swell

59
Q

fundo exam for diabetic macular edema

A

hard exudates and edema

clin med (35 decks)

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