ID slide 77- Flashcards
1
Q
Tetanus organisms and transmission
A
clostridium tenant when spores inthe soil enter a wound
2
Q
incubation Tetanus
A
8-12 days
3
Q
ss Tetanus
A
tingling at site, pain, muscle spasticity THEN jaw stiffness and spasm, irritability, hyperreflexia, painful convulsion… pt is awake and alert (not paralyzed)
4
Q
dx Tetanus
A
clinical
5
Q
trmt Tetanus
A
tetanus immune globulin IM + immunization. Sedation, ventilation, paralytic medications. PCN IV to prevent toxin production
6
Q
tetanus has a _____
A
vaccine
7
Q
what would types are highest risk for tetanus
A
puncture
8
Q
listeria monocytogenes is a ______
A
gram + rod
9
Q
transmission listeria
A
ingesting contaminatedunpasteurized dairy/ deli meat
10
Q
ss listeria
A
fever, chills, FUO in pregnancy or neonates
11
Q
if pregnant women get listeria while pregnant, there is a _____ risk for fetus
A
high
12
Q
dx listeria
A
culture
13
Q
trmtlisteria
A
IV ampicillin or gentamicin
14
Q
transmission botulism
A
ingestion of contaminated food/ drink usually home canned or smoked foods EX: church picnic
15
Q
ss botulism
A
sudden onset weakness if healthy person 72hrs after ingestion: blurred vision, unreactive pupils, dry mouth, paralysis
16
Q
botulism dx
A
toxins in pts serum and food
17
Q
botulism trmt
A
trivalent antitoxin
pts usually need to be admitted and need ventilation
18
Q
avoud swollen or dented canned foods, cracked vaor, milky/off odor or else you might get this
A
botulism
19
Q
transmission cholerae
A
ingestion of contaminate food/water
20
Q
ss cholerae
A
endemic travel, rice water stool, HUGH dehydration; 15 L a day
21
Q
dx cholerae
A
stool culture and agglutination of vibrios
22
Q
trmt cholera
A
remove contamination, give fluids, ATB: tetracycline, ampicilllin, cipro, azithromycin
23
Q
transmission salmonellosis typhi
A
humans eat contaminated food/drink then spreads it by poop
24
Q
salmonellosis typhi incubation
A
5-21 days
25
ss salmonellosis typhi
Typhoid fever. Malaise, HA, abdominal pain/distention, N/V, constipation or diarrhea, rose spots (2nd week), fever plateau at 7-10 days and patient is more ill, may have splenomegaly
26
salmonellosis typhi dx
Blood culture (+50-70%), stool culture (+30-40%), widal test-serology, positive can mean previous or current infection
27
salmonellosis typhi trmt
Ciprofloxacin
28
carriers of this disease shouldnt handle food
salmonellosis typhi
29
salmonellosis typhi complication
intestinal hemorrhage, shock, death
30
salmonellosis nontyphoid transmission
food contaminated with human or bird, farm animal ,reptil, or pet fecal matter
31
ss salmonellosis nontyphoid
gastroenteritis
32
causes of salmonellosis nontyphoid
eating raw eggs and raw chicken
33
incubation salmonellosis nontyphoid
6 hrs- 3 days... shorter than salmonellosis typhi
34
shigellosis transmission
fecal oral
35
body area affected in shigellosis
GI system
36
incubation shigellosis
6 hrs-7 days
37
ss shigellosis
sudden severe abdominal cramping, fever, NV, watery stool then bloody stool
38
dx shigellosis
stool culture- will have organism, RBC and WBC
39
trmt shigellosis
hydration, usually resolves after 7 days if unreated, if severe give cyprofloxacin
40
camplobactr organism
camplobactr jejuni
41
campylobactr incubation
2-5 days
42
campylobactr host
dairy cattle and poultry
43
transmission campylobactr
eating contaminated food/ drink from undercooked poultry or raw unpaasteurized milk
44
ss campylobactr
fever abd pain, bloody, watery, or loose diarrhea
45
dx campylobactr
stool culture
46
trmt campylobactr
usually resolves without trmt, but can give ciprofloxacin if needed
47
MCC diarrheal illnesses in US
campylobactr
48
cat scratch disease organism
bartonella henselae, gram - rod
49
transmission cat scratch disease
caat bite or scratch
50
incubation cat scratch disease
3-10 days
51
ss cat scratch disease
papule/pustule with pus that is red and tender at site that lasts 1-3 wks
may have malaise, fever, HA, sore throat, regional lymphadnopathy
52
cat scratch disease hallmark
regional lymphadnopathy
53
cat scratch disease common areas affected
axillary, epitrochlear, cervical
54
cat scratch disease dx
usually clinical but can do serology testins
55
trmt for localized lymphadenitis in cat scratch disease
azithromycin
56
who is cat scratch disease usually infecting
young, immunocompetent
57
organism in dog bites
usually pasteurella spp. (canis) which is gram -
58
trmt dog bites
augmentin 5-7 days
59
dog bites are ___ % of er visits
1
60
t or f: not many untreated dog bites become infected
true
61
most important trmt for dog bites
cleaning and irrigation of wound, but do not suture
62
when should we give atb for a dog bite
in high risk bite areas
63
cat bites organism
pasteurella multocida, a gram - coccobacillus
64
cat bites trmt
augmentin
65
___% of cat bites become infected without trmt
80
66
what do all catbites need
PPX atb
67
why are cat bites hard to clean?
they have more narrow and sharp teeth so they can get in wounds easier
68
organism in rabies
rhabdovirus
69
what transmits rabies in the US
bats, raccoons, skunks, foxes... not many dogs in the US
70
transmission of rabies
animal bites human and transmits it through the open wound
71
what area of the body is affected in rabies
brain- resulting in encephalitis
72
incubation of rabies
3-7 wks but can be years
73
areas affected in rabies
asia and africa
74
ss rabies
hx of animal bite, pain at site, fever, maliase, NV, CNS sx,
75
dx rabies
biting animals are quarantined for 10 days and observed for sx. if animal cant be tested treat ppx. animals can get a brain biopsy and can confirm with viral CSF viral isolation
76
rabies trmt
if untreated, fatal within 7 days of onset of sx from respiratory failure. need passive and active vaccination; HRIG + vaccine
ppx trmt is 100% effective!!!
77
what animal is MC assoc with rabies
bats
78
how do we prevent rabies
vaccinate animals, clean and irrigate bite, do not suture wounds
79
rose spots are in this disease
salmonella typhi
80
transmission norovirus
fecal oral
81
incubation norovirus
24-48 hrs
82
ss norovirus
vomiting, watery diarrhea, and cramping that lasts 48-72 hrs
83
dx norovirus
usually clinical but can check stool
84
trmt norovirus
replace fluids and electrolyte balance
85
common outbreaks of norovirus
cruise ships and schools
86
MCC of eppidemic gastroenteritis worldwide
norovirus
87
how long is norovirus shed in the stool
4 wks
88
varicella zoster is ____ contagious
highly
89
transmission of varicella zoster
contact with lesion or inhalation of drops
90
incubation varicella zoster
2 wks
91
ss varicella zoster
primary infection- varicella- pruritic rash (chx pox)
| reactivation- zoster- painful dermatomal rash (shingles)
92
dx varicella zoster
scrapt base of smear and look for multinucleated giant cell on Tzanck smear
93
varicella (chicken pox) ss
pruritic centrifugal papular changing to vesicular, dewdrops on a rose petal
94
trmt varicella (chicken pox)
antihistamines, calamine lotion
95
vzv shingles rash
tingling, pain, vesicules in a dermatomal distribution evolving to pustules then crusting; pain comes before the rash, only 1 dermatome is affected
96
ramsay hunt synd
facial palsy with lesions on the ear, tm, vertigo, dizziness, and deafness
97
hutchinson sign
lesions on the tip/side of nose and inner corner of eye involving the trigeminal nerve
98
you can get varicella then zoster then this condition
post herpetic neuralgia, a secondary bacterial infection with staph and strep
99
trmt zoster
oral antiviral (valacyclovir/famcylovir) or steroids
100
vzv remains ______ in sensory ganglia until reactivation
latent
101
the varicella vaccine doesnt protect against ____
zoster
102
this is a new vaccine that came out for zoster
shingrex
103
ebv is aka
the kissing disease or mono
104
transmission EBV
saliva thats why its the kissing disease
105
highest prevalence age group of EBV
12-19 yo
106
incubation EBV
1-2 months; but saliva can be infectious for over 6 months
107
ss EBV
maliase, sore throat, can have exudate, palatal petechiae, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
108
dx EBV
serum monospot (heterophile agglutination test), cbc will show large lymphocytes, may have hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia
109
trmt EBV
supportive, rest
110
complications EBV
hepatitis, myocarditis
111
why do we avoid PCN in EBV
it can cause a maculopapular rash
112
MC body sites affected for HAMRSA are
wounds
113
cellulitis is caused by
strep
114
purulent abscess in CA MRSA is caused by
s aureus
