geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

dementia

A

decline in mental function

loss short term memory… long term is good + one or more other cognitive deficits

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2
Q

Mild cognitive impairment-

A

pt complains of memory problems and has mild deficits but does not meet criteria for dementia

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3
Q

Mild dementia-

A

pt has all the criteria for dementia, but it not as progressive; does not have the capacity to consent, but can assign someone to make the decision for them

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4
Q

Delirium-

A

acute onset, fluctuating course, deficits in attn NOT memory

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5
Q

alzheimers sx

A

Early problems in memory and visuospatial abilities, but retain social graces
Personality changes and behavioral difficulties (wandering, inappropriate sexual behavior, aggression) develop as disease progresses
Delusions and depression occur as disease progresses
End stage: mutism, cant hold head up, hard to eat and swallow, dec appetite, weight loss

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6
Q

Subcortical dementia?

A

Dementia of parkinson’s disease and some vascular dementia

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7
Q

Subcortical dementia sx?

A

Slow psychomotor activities (walking, dexterity)
Dec attn
Cant problem solve
Personality changes

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8
Q

Dementia with lewy body?

A

Overlapping of alzheimers and parkinsons

Acute onset with rapid decline

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9
Q

Dementia with lewy body

sx

A

Primary signs: Rigidity and bradykinesia
Cognitive impairment
Visual hallucinations
Treating hallucinations may worsen extrapyramidal sx

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10
Q

Dystonia-

A

spasms and muscle contractions

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11
Q

Akathisia-

A

motor restlessness

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12
Q

Tremor-

A

unintentional shaking

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13
Q

Tardive dyskinesia-

A

involuntary, irregular jerky mvmts

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14
Q

Many diseases…. Picks disease and dementia associated with ALS are a few

A

Fronto-temporal dementia

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15
Q

Pick bodies in nerve cells in damaged areas of the brain

A

Fronto-temporal dementia

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16
Q

Fronto-temporal dementia sx

A

Affects personality, emotions, behavior, and language
Visuospatial is preserved (its not in alzheimers)
Early personality changes (not in alzheimers)

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17
Q

Lab findings of dementia

A

Cbc, electrolytes, UA, calcium, creatinine, glucose, TSH, vit B12
Imaging like CT or MRI
Prob need CT first bc of insurance

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18
Q

Prognosis dementia

A

3-15 yrs after alzheimers dx
More rapid decline with Lewy Body
Hospice for end stage

19
Q

Common in hospitalized or ECF pts
Somatic complaints
More delusions
Geriatic depression scale

A

depression

20
Q

delirium criteria

A

Rapid onset and fluctuating course
Deficit in attn NOT memory
Hypo or hyperactive
Dementia frequently coexists

21
Q

cause delirium

A

Underlying medical condition like hypoxia, infection or metabolic abnormality

22
Q

Delirium risks

A

Sundowning- hospital removes pt from their known environment

23
Q

sx Delirium

A
confusion assessment method (CAM) or richmond agitation sedation scale
Acute onset and fluctuating course
Inattn
Disorganized thinking OR changed LOC
Need all
24
Q

Delirium workup

A

Check all meds particularly opioids, BDZ, antihistamines
If needed
EKG, cbc, electrolytes, Cr, glucose, Ca, albumin, LFT, TSH
Serum Mg, serum drug levels, UA, urinary toxin screen, abg, blood cultures
CXR, CT
Lumbar puncture

25
Q

Delirium trmt

A
Prevention is best
Treat underlying cause
Antipsychotic agents such as haloperidol and quetiapine
Clears in a couple days
Delirium of unknown cause? Admit pt
26
Q

leading cause of death in pts over 65

A

complications from falls

27
Q

cause of falls

A

MC too much meds
Usually interaction with pt and environment
Balance and ambulation

28
Q

mc fx

A

wrist hips vertebrae

29
Q

trmt falls

A

Canes, rollers, walkers
Phones at floor level, portable phone, lightweight call system
Refer for PT/OT, eye exam, home eval
hospitalization if unexplained

30
Q

malnutrition?

A

Unintended weight loss of 5% body weight in 1 month or 10% in 6 months

31
Q

if someone if malnurished determine

A

if its muscle or bone

32
Q

causes of malnutrition

A

Premouth (shopping and prep)

Mouth sores, no teeth, dentures don’t fit, can’t taste, dysphasia, depression, no appetite

33
Q

MC deficient vitamins are

A

C, D, B12, and other B vitamins

34
Q

Vit d deficiency is associated with

A

myalgias, arthralgias, immune probs

35
Q

Frailty syndrome

criteria

A
Need ⅗ of the following criteria
Slow gait speed
Low hand grip strength
Exhaustion
Weight loss
Nrg expenditure
36
Q

Frailty syndrome

trmt

A

Supplements

Artificial nutrition

37
Q

risks for pressure ulcers

A

Immobility MC

Dec sensory perception, moisture, poor nutrition, friction

38
Q

Hospital stay for acute illness

cause of …

A

pressure ulcers

39
Q

prevention Pressure ulcers

A

Reposition

Good nutrition

40
Q

eval Pressure ulcers

A

Risk fx, stage, size, depth, exudate and type, appearance, surrounding infection

41
Q

trmt Pressure ulcers

A

Hyperbaric O2- inc blood supply
Remove necrotic debris
Comfort if on hospice
Large or non healing may need plastics

42
Q

Behavioral changes in presence of caregiver
Delays between injuries and trmt
Inconsistencies btwn injury explanation and observation
Bad hygiene
Not filling meds

A

Pt mistreatment and self neglect

43
Q

Pt mistreatment and self neglect

what do you do about this

A

report to adult protective services

44
Q

Unclear if pt has decision making capacity?

A

Refer to mental health professional