geriatrics Flashcards
dementia
decline in mental function
loss short term memory… long term is good + one or more other cognitive deficits
Mild cognitive impairment-
pt complains of memory problems and has mild deficits but does not meet criteria for dementia
Mild dementia-
pt has all the criteria for dementia, but it not as progressive; does not have the capacity to consent, but can assign someone to make the decision for them
Delirium-
acute onset, fluctuating course, deficits in attn NOT memory
alzheimers sx
Early problems in memory and visuospatial abilities, but retain social graces
Personality changes and behavioral difficulties (wandering, inappropriate sexual behavior, aggression) develop as disease progresses
Delusions and depression occur as disease progresses
End stage: mutism, cant hold head up, hard to eat and swallow, dec appetite, weight loss
Subcortical dementia?
Dementia of parkinson’s disease and some vascular dementia
Subcortical dementia sx?
Slow psychomotor activities (walking, dexterity)
Dec attn
Cant problem solve
Personality changes
Dementia with lewy body?
Overlapping of alzheimers and parkinsons
Acute onset with rapid decline
Dementia with lewy body
sx
Primary signs: Rigidity and bradykinesia
Cognitive impairment
Visual hallucinations
Treating hallucinations may worsen extrapyramidal sx
Dystonia-
spasms and muscle contractions
Akathisia-
motor restlessness
Tremor-
unintentional shaking
Tardive dyskinesia-
involuntary, irregular jerky mvmts
Many diseases…. Picks disease and dementia associated with ALS are a few
Fronto-temporal dementia
Pick bodies in nerve cells in damaged areas of the brain
Fronto-temporal dementia
Fronto-temporal dementia sx
Affects personality, emotions, behavior, and language
Visuospatial is preserved (its not in alzheimers)
Early personality changes (not in alzheimers)
Lab findings of dementia
Cbc, electrolytes, UA, calcium, creatinine, glucose, TSH, vit B12
Imaging like CT or MRI
Prob need CT first bc of insurance