Common Eye Sx Flashcards by Morgan C

Mebomiancgkand dysfunction trmt

Azasite- topical

Doxycycline- oral medicine for rosacea

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Ectropion trmt

Artificial tears and lubricating ointment at bedtime

Maybe surgery

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Entropion trmt

Epilation and ointment

Surgery to rotate eyelid in more

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Nasolacrimal duct obstruction Trmt

Dactyosytorhinostomy (DCR)

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When is nasolacrimal duct obstruction Common

At birth but usually resolves by the first year

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Epiphora

Tearing

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Dermatochelasis trmt

Bleoharoplasty

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Causes of ptosis

Congenital
Trauma
NM disorder
Age

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Ptosis trmt

Surgical tightening of retractor muscle

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Chalezion/horeolum

Blockage of mebomian gland that starts off as a red painful lump and becomes painless with time and infected

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Chalezion/horeolum trmt

Warm compresses
Lid scrubs
Massage
ATB or steroid drops
Must wait to drain until acute setting is over

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Preseptal cellulitis

Infection of the superficial layer of skin around the eyes that causes Edema and erythema

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Treatment of preseptal cellulitis

Oral ATB and close monitoring

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What is preseptal cellulitis caused by spread from

Sinusitis or dacryocystitis

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Orbital cellulitis

Same as preseptal cellulitis but vision problems, motility problems, a PD

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How do you rule out orbital cellulitis

CT/MRI

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Why is orbital cellulitis bad

Can spread behind septum to cavernous sinus and cause meningitis

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Treatment for orbital cellulitis

IV antibiotics, surgical drainage, close monitoring in a hospital

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Acute dacryocystitis

Sudden onset of pain in the medial canthus region

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Chronic dacryocystitis

Slow onset of epiphora from chronic inflammation or infection of lacrimal sac

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Treatment of acute dacryocystitis

Oral ATB and close monitoring

Culturing

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Cancer of the eye

Basal, squamous, sebaceous, melanomas

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Patient presents with chronic chelation and blepharitis that does not improve with trmt. Also has loss of lashes and lid margin is distorted. What is it?

Cancer

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Cause of pinquecula or pterygium

Wind or sun exposure

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Pingiencula trmt

Artificial tears | SunGlasses

Pteryguim can cause____

Astigmatism and dec vision

Trmt for preryguim

Topical steroids | Surgery- leave area bare. Conjunctival autograft. Amniotic membrane.

Chemosis

Swelling of conjunctiva from allergies or viral/bacterial conjunctivitis

Episcleritis

Red eye that Patience noticed in the mirror but it’s painless and has no vision problems

Trmt for episcleritis

Topical or oral steroids | NSAIDS

Recurrent episcleritis?

Look for RA Lupus or sarcoidosis

Scleritis

Red painful eye tender to touch associated with underlying rheumatological condition

Scleritis trmt

Oral meds | Treat underlying disease

When you see the choroid on the eye, think

Scleritis

Causes of subconjunctival hemorrhage

Coughing sneezing straining minor trauma

Conjunctival tumors

Bothersome spot on eye that’s pigmented or nobpigmented. It has been there for a long time

Trmt for subconjunctival tumors

Topical chemo drops | Surgery

Unilateral arcus senilis look for this

Occlusion of carotid on side without arcus

Arcus senilis in young ppl check this

Cholesterol

Keratoconjuncitivits sicca/DES

Common with varying sx

Test for keratoconjunctivitis sicca/DES

Assess tear film and break up time Conjunctival or corneal staining Schirmers test for test production

Trmt keratoconjunctivitis sicca/DES

Artificial tears provide a symptomatic relief but do not alter disease course Prescription medication that alter disease course: restasis cequa xiidra Punctual plugs to block tear drainage channel

Corneal abrasion presentation

Pain Light sensitivity Decreased vision Tearing

No proparacaine with ...

Corneal abrasion

Corneal abrasion trmt

Make sure none under eyelid | Stain with fluorcein to determine extent

Corneal ulcer

Infection of cornea lthats bacterial, fungal, viral acanthamoeba

Untreated corneal ulcer

Penetrate cornea and need cornea transplant

What causes corneal ulcer

Contacts, abrasion

Treatment for Corneal ulcer

Culture, antibiotics, antifungal’s, antivirals, corneal transplant

Corneal foreign body trmt

Topical anesthesia | Remove at slit lamp

HSK present with

FB sensation, redness, recurrent infections but NO pain

HSK can lead to...

blindness

eye stains in a classic dendritic pattern is in....

HSK

topical trmt for HSK

viroptic, zigran, steroids

eye stains in a classic pseudodendritic pattern is in....

HZK

oral trmt for HSK and HZK

acyclovir, valtrtex, and famvir

steroids alone worsen disese

HSK

shingles AKA

HZK

HZK present with

FB sensation, redness, dec corneal sensation

acid burns

sulphuric acid, sulfurus acid, HCl, acetic acid

base burns

Lye, ammonium hyroxide, potassium hydroxide, Mg

greater damage in this burn

base

keratoconus presents in...

teend in mid 20s not corrected with glasses

if you have keratoconus you cant get this surgery

lasik

trmt for keratoconus

hard contact lenses, corneal crosslinking, corneal transplant

hyphema

blood in anterior chamber only over iris

causes of hyphema

trauma, surgical, spontaneous

trmt for hyphema

bedrest until clears, cycloplegic drops, topical steroids, maybe surgery

hypopyon

layered WBC inanterior chamber from corneal ulcer, endopthalamitis, uveitis

hypopyon trmt

treat underlying cause

iritis/uvitis

inflammation of eye that can be anterior, posterior, intermediate, pars, panuvitis

iritis/uvitis cause

infectious, inflammatory, rheumatological

iritis/uvitis trmt

treat underlying condition, topical trmt, systemic trmt

LASIK anad PRK corrects...

myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism

what do they do in lasik

reshape underlying cornea tissue so light focused on retina

processof lasik

flap, laser, flap back down

PRK stands for

photorefractive keratectomy

process of PRK

corneal epithelium removed and cornea is reshaped. contact is placed over it

need _____ for 1-2 yrs b4 theyll do lasik

stable refraction

contraindications for lasik

keratoconus, keloid, active corneal ulceration, autoimmune or inflammatory disease, DM, hx of HSK, DES, pregnancy, recurrent erosion, thin cornea, thyroid orbitopathy

presbyopia

over age 40 the eye cant focus on any distance and blurs when things are near, no accomodation

presbyopia trmt

bifocals

the lens becomes more ____ as you bring things in close

round

monocular diplopia

double vision when 1 eye is closed indicates problem` is in the eyeball itself

binocular diplopia

double vision that goes away when 1 eye is closed indicates the eyes are out of sync

nystagmus is MC in____ and is due to a

kids; congenital motor deficit

why might someone get nystagmus as an adult

inner ear probs, drugs, neuro porbs

you can correct this until age 7

amblyopia

occurs from disuse when on e eye doesnt see well

amblyopia

causes of amblyopia

strabismus, congential cataract, unilateral hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism

amblyopia trmt

glasses, patching

strabismus trmt

surgery to correct ocular misalignment by changing muscle insertion points, prism

bilateral retinoblastoma is probably

inherited

unilateral retinoblastoma is probably

sporadic

blepharitis is caused by

staph, seborrhea, demodex

sandy, gritty sensation, red, watery eyes, loss of lashed, eyelid irritation

blepharitis

trmt for blepharitis

treat underlying cause, lid scrubs, warm compresses, ATB, ATB/steroid drops