Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Lab > Vision, Hearing, and Vestibulation > Flashcards

Vision, Hearing, and Vestibulation Flashcards

1
Q

Cornea

A

the transparent surface of the eye that bends (refracts) the light and focuses it on the back of the eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sclera

A

outer fibrous, white layer of the eyeball.

The sclera and the cornea are continuous with each other but have different structures and functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lens

A

changes shape to be able to focus light on the back of the eye regardless of the distance of the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pupil

A

opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Iris

A
  • surrounds the pupil and contains smooth muscle to dilate or constrict the pupil.
  • this is deep to the cornea
  • It contains a pigmented layer that gives our eyes their color.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vitreous humor

A

a jelly-like substance that fills the chamber of the eye posterior to the lens and gives the eye its shape. It transmits light to the retina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Choroid

A

the middle vascular layer in the wall of the eye

highly vascular, darkly pigmented membrane that nourishes the retina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Retina

A

this is the inner layer of the eye
- this has two layers, the pigmented layer and the neural layer

the neural layer of the eye, which contains the photoreceptors for vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where do the extraocular muscles originate

A

All but the inferior oblique muscle originate in a common tendinous ring at the posterior aspect of the orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lateral rectus

A

Moves eye laterally (abducts)

innervation: CN VI abducens nerve
location: this is on the lateral side of each eye and has straight fibers that when constricted cause the eye to abduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

medial rectus

A

Moves the eye medially (adducts)

innervation: CN III Oculomotor nerve
location: this is on the medial side of each eye and has straight fibers that when constricted cause the eye to adduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Superior rectus

A

Elevates the eye (look up)

innervation: CN III Oculomotor Nerve

location :this is on the superior side of each eye and has straight fibers that when constricted cause the eye to look upward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inferior rectus

A

Depresses the eye (look down)

innervation: CN III Oculomotor Nerve

location :this is on the inferior side of each eye and has straight fibers that when constricted cause the eye to look downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inferior oblique

A

Elevates eye and turns it laterally

innervation: CN III Oculomotor Nerve

location : this is inserting inferiolateral side of each eye and has curving fibers that when constricted cause the eye to look upward and outward

this is the only extrinsic muscle that doesn’t originate at the common tendinous ring (originates at the inferior medial corner of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

superior oblique

A

Depresses eye and turns it laterally

innervation: CN IV Trochlear Nerve
location: this is on the superior portion of the eye and when the muscle constricts it causes the eye to look downward and outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

optic nerve

A

travels posteriorly from the eye.

The optic nerves come together at the optic chiasm.

After the optic chiasm, these axons continue as the optic tract until the majority of them synapse in a nucleus of the thalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

optic chiasm

A
  • this is where the optic nerves meet
  • this is where the nasal retina fibers cross and enter the optic tract to travel with the opposite temporal retina fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

common tendinous ring

A

this is at the posterior orbit and it is where the the four rectus muscles and the superior oblique muscle originates

19
Q

lacrimal sac

A

this is where tears collect

20
Q

optic tract

A
  • these carry information from both eyes, both retinas, but one visual field
  • this carries the information from the optic chiasm to the lateral geniculate nucleus
21
Q

ciliary body

A

this is a thickened portion of the choroid that encircles the lens of the eye

22
Q

ciliary muscles

A
  • this is a muscular ring projecting into the interior of the eye
  • this can apply or take away tension on the ciliary processes and this changed the amount that the ligaments pull on the lens, which allows for a change in the shape of the lens
23
Q

suspensory ligaments

A
  • also called ciliary zonule
  • these run from the ciliary process to the lens and they create a circle around the lens
  • the lens is essentially suspended by these ligaments
24
Q

optic disc

A

this is where the axons of the ganglion cells converge
- this is a circular region just medial to the fovea centralis on the posterior aspect of the eye

  • this is the origin of the optic nerve
  • no photoreceptors are on the optic disc
  • this creates the blind spot because light striking the area goes unnoticed since there are no photoreceptors
  • involuntary eye movements fill in the missing information
25
Q

fovea centralis

A

this is the center of the macula and this is the site with the highest concentration of cones

  • this is the area that produces the sharpest vision
26
Q

macula

A

this is where the visual image arrives after it passes through the cornea and lens
- this contains no rods

27
Q

auricle

A
  • this is the external ear structure
  • also called the pinna
  • creates a funnel to the external acoustic meatus
  • this protects the opening passage way and provides sensitivity to the ear by directing sound inward to the tympanic membrane
28
Q

external acoustic meatus

A

a passageway in the temporal bone that leads to the tympanic membrane of the middle ear

29
Q

tympanic membrane

A

this is the eardrum
- this separates the external auditory meatus and the middle ear

  • this is a thin semi transparent CT that separates the external and middle ear
  • this is what leads to the movement of the ossicles
30
Q

malleus

A
  • an auditory ossicle
  • this is the ossicle that is bound to the tympanic membrane

“hammer”

31
Q

incus

A
  • an auditory ossicle

- this connects the malleus and the stapes

32
Q

stapes

A
  • an auditory ossicle
  • this is connected to the inner ear
  • the footplate almost completely covers the oval window in the bony wall of the middle ear
33
Q

pharyngotympanic tube

A

this is a connection between the nasal cavity and the middle ear

  • this is designed to allow for equalization of pressure in the middle ear with the atmosphere
34
Q

vestibule

A

a chamber within the internal ear
- this is the site of vestibulation

  • this contains the utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts

These structures help us know the orientation of our head at any given time, and they sense the linear acceleration of the head.

35
Q

cochlea

A

this is the spiral portion of the bony labyrinth of the internal ear that surrounds the hearing portion

  • this is divided into three channels: cochlear duct, the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani
36
Q

tensor tympani

A
  • this is a short muscle in the middle ear that originates on the petrous part of the temporal bone
  • innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
  • a skeletal muscle
  • works to tense the ossicles and prevent forceful movements under very noisy conditions
37
Q

ampulla

A

this is the expanded region of each semicircular canal

- this contains an elevated region covered by hair cells (the sensory receptors)

38
Q

semicircular canals

A

there are three of these:

  • anterior
  • posterior
  • lateral

they all contain an ampulla and a cupula

  • these are continuous with the vestibule and surround the semicircular ducts

senses the rotational acceleration of the head.

39
Q

anterior semicircular duct

A
  • this responds to movement in the saggital plane

- this would be the “yes” movement

40
Q

posterior semicircular duct

A
  • this responds to movement in the coronal plane

- this is tilting the head toward the shoulder

41
Q

lateral semicircular duct

A

this is responding to movement in the transverse plane

- this is the “no” movement

42
Q

oval window

A

this is an opening in the bony labyrinth where the stapes attached to the membranous wall of the vestibular opening

43
Q

round window

A

this is an opening in the dense bone wall of the cochlear spiral

  • this is inferior to the oval window
  • this is where the movement of the perilymph within the scala tympani dissipates
  • this is a thin membranous partition that separates the perilymph

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions