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Anatomy Lab > Brainstem, cranium, and cranial nerves > Flashcards

Brainstem, cranium, and cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

pons

A

this is on the ventral surface of the brainstem

-the anterior bulge is the pons

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2
Q

midbrain

A
  • this is rostral to the pons
  • this is just inferior to the thalamus
  • this surrounds the cerebral aqueduct
  • contains the cerebral peduncles
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3
Q

cerebral peduncles

A
  • these are located on the ventral side of the midbrain
  • they are two protrusions that appear just superior to the pons
  • white matter pathways carry fibers of the corticospinal tract
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4
Q

interpeduncular fossa

A

this is the space between the cerebral peduncles

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5
Q

medulla oblongata

A

this is caudal to the pons

  • the medulla is continuous with the spinal cord
  • contains the pyramids which appear as tube like bulges on the ventral aspect
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6
Q

pyramidal decussation

A
  • where the sulcus between them disappears and the fibers of the track cross
  • this is at the junction between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord
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7
Q

cerebellum

A

contains two hemispheres

- contains many fine grooves and sulci on the surface running transversely

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8
Q

folia

A

these are the fine grooves or sulci on the cerebellum that run transversely

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9
Q

CN I

A

the olfactory nerve

arise in the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity and course dorsally to the olfactory bulb inferior to the frontal lobe

travels through the cribiform plate foramina

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10
Q

the olfactory bulbs

A

these are just inferior to the frontal lobe and they are roustral to the optic chiasm

anything after the olfactory bulb is not the olfactory nerves anymore, those are the olfactory tracts and runs caudally on the ventral aspect of the frontal lobe

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11
Q

CN II

A

the optic nerve

  • the optic nerves begin in the retina
  • These nerves course posteriorly and are united in the optic chiasm
  • The fibers split again immediately posterior to the optic chiasm and extend posteriorly as the optic tracts

travels through the optic canal

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12
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor nerve

  • can see it emerging from the anterior superior surface of the pons
  • emerge in the interpeduncular fossa and innervate 4 of the 6 extraocular muscles
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13
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear nerve

These are the only nerves to emerge on the brainstem’s dorsal aspect. They travel around the sides of the midbrain and pons to innervate the superior oblique.

You can find these tiny nerves between the lateral rostral pons and the cerebrum.

this passes through the superior orbital fissure

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14
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal nerves

These large nerves are the only cranial nerves to emerge from the lateral aspect of the pons.

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15
Q

CN VI

A

abducens nerve

emerge near the midline at the border of the pons and the medulla. They innervate the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.

travels through the superior orbital fissure

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16
Q

CN VII

A

facial nerve

These emerge from the junction of the pons and medulla lateral to the emergence of the abducens nerves

travels through the internal acoustic meatus

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17
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

enter the brainstem lateral to (right next to) the facial nerves.

travels through the internal acoustic meatus

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18
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

composed of the most rostral of a series of rootlets that emerge posterior to the olive on the medulla’s lateral aspect

passes through the jugular foramen

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19
Q

CN X

A

vagus nerve

emerge posterior to the glossopharyngeal nerves in the same series of rootlets

emerges on the lateral sides of the medula oblongata

emerges deep to the hypoglossal nerve

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20
Q

CN XI

A

spinal accessory nerve

emerges posterior to the vagus nerve.

has lots of tiny extensions from the medulla oblongata where it emerges

has a branch that travels through jugular foramen and the foramen magnum

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21
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal nerve

emerge from the ventral aspect of the caudal medulla as a series of rootlets in the groove just lateral to the pyramids.

this emerges superficial to where the vagus nerve and the glossopharyngeal nerve emerge

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22
Q

what is good to remember about the cranial nerves with only motor functions

A

emerge medially compared to the other cranial nerves

23
Q

coronal suture

A

where the frontal bone meets the two parietal bones

24
Q

sagittal suture

A

where the right and left parietal bones meet

25
Q

lambdoid suture

A

is between the parietal bones and occipital bone

26
Q

squamous suture

A

between the parietal bone and temporal bone on each side.

27
Q

frontal bone

A

bone of the forehead

28
Q

zygomatic bone

A

makes up the anterior cheek

29
Q

zygomatic arch

A

this is where the zygomatic bone and the frontal bone come together to meet each other and makes the cheek bone

30
Q

nasal bone

A

forms the superior portion of the nose

31
Q

maxilla

A

forms the upper portion of the jeaw and the medial portion of the cheek

32
Q

mandible

A

this is the lower jaw bone

33
Q

mental protuberance

A

this is the anterior tip of the mandible that forms the chin

34
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

this is the articulation between the temporal bone and mandible

they articulate at the condylar process of the mandible

35
Q

ethmoid bone

A

best viewed from the internal aspect of the cranium.

a small anterior medial bone located within the anterior cranial fossa

contains the cribriform plate and cribriform foramina

36
Q

sphenoid bone

A

best viewed from the internal aspect of the cranium.

this is just posterior to the frontal and ethmoid bones

separates the anterior cranial fossa from the middle cranial fossa

37
Q

middle cranial fossa

A

this is mostly made up of the temporal bone and the temporal bone has a ridge that separates the middle cranial fossa from the posterior cranial fossa

38
Q

cribriform foramina

A

in the cribriform plate

the olfactory nerve passes through

39
Q

optic canal

A

the optic nerves and the ophthalmic arteries pass through

40
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

CN III,CN IV, CN V, CN VI all pass through

41
Q

foramen ovale

A

-CN V passes through

42
Q

carotid canal

A

the internal carotid artery passes through

- this is in the temporal bone

43
Q

foramen magnum

A

Medulla oblongata and meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI (branch)

44
Q

jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, and XI (branch); internal jugular vein

45
Q

hypoglossal canal

A 
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) pass through 
- this is in the carotid canal
46
Q

internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII and CN VIII pass through

47
Q

stylomastoid foramen

A

Branch of CN VII that innervates the facial muscles

This foramen is visible between the mastoid process and the styloid process of the temporal bone.

48
Q

occipital condyles

A

articulate with the atlas of the vertebral column.

49
Q

temporal bone

A
  • these are laterally located near the ear

- contains the mastoid process and styloid process

50
Q

condylar process

A

a posterior structure on the mandible that articulates with the temporal bone

51
Q

coronoid process

A

The flat portion protruding up just anterior to the condylar process of the mandible

52
Q

lacrimal bone

A

situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit

53
Q

palatine bone

A

a paired bone located between the maxillae and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone

this is making up the posterior roof of the mouth

54
Q

vomer

A

one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones.

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

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