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Anatomy Lab > Nerves & vasculature: lower extremity > Flashcards

Nerves & vasculature: lower extremity Flashcards

1
Q

inferior and superior gluteal nerves and inferior and superior gluteal arteries

A

together these supply and innervate the muscles of the gluteal region and lateral thigh

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2
Q

superior gluteal artery and nerve

A

leave the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis muscle
- supplies the posterior pelvic region (the gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus

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3
Q

inferior gluteal artery and nerve

A

exit the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle

  • a terminal branch of the internal iliac artery supplying the gluteal and thigh regions
  • the inferior gluteal nerve supplies the gluteus maximus
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4
Q

Popliteal artery

A
  • When the femoral artery travels through the opening in the adductor magnus and emerges into this space
  • ends just inferior to the knee joint as it splits to form the fibular artery and the anterior and posterior tibial artery
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5
Q

popliteal fossa

A
  • the diamond-shaped region at the posterior aspect of the knee
  • bounded superiorly by the hamstring tendons on each side, and inferiorly by the lateral and medial heads of the gastrocnemius
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6
Q

popliteal vein

A
  • this runs along the the popliteal artery and is continuous with the femoral vein
  • ends just superior to the knee and then becomes the femoral vein
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7
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

this is a branch off the popliteal artery

  • sometimes appears to be a continuation of the popliteal that then has the anterior tibial artery branching off of it
  • this is going to run with the tibial nerve
  • supplies the posterior compartment of the leg
  • is going to divide into the medial and lateral plantar arteries once past the lateral malleolus
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8
Q

anterior tibial artery

A

this is a branch of the popliteal artery

  • it may appear to come off of the posterior tibial artery
  • this will run with the deep fibular nerve
  • this supplies the anterior compartment of the leg
  • this is going to branch into the dorsal pedis artery on the top of the foot
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9
Q

sciatic nerve

A
  • a major nerve extending from the lower end of the spinal cord down the back of the thigh
  • comprises the tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves together within a fibrous sheath
    -runs deep to the piriformis and emerges at the inferior border of this muscle before descending in the posterior thigh
    does not innervate any muscles as it passes through the thigh, but its branches innervate hamstring muscles
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10
Q

tibial nerve (division of sciatic nerve)

A

innervates the muscles in the posterior thigh and posterior leg

  • it continues into the leg and travels inferiorly between the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg
  • it innervates muscles within both compartments
  • it branches into the lateral and medial plantar nerves
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11
Q

common fibular nerve (division of sciatic nerve)

A

innervates the short head of the biceps femoris

  • wraps around the head of the fibula
  • splits into the superficial and deep fibular nerves
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12
Q

where does the sciatic nerve divide into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

A

the popliteal fossa

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13
Q

posterior tibial artery

A
  • travels with the tibial nerve between the superficial and deep posterior compartments
  • supplying both compartments. It then runs around the medial malleolus and divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries that supply the medial and lateral aspects of the foot
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14
Q

lateral plantar artery

A

gives off the plantar arch, which gives off digital arteries to supply the foot and toes.

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15
Q

femoral triangle

A

a space created by the sartorius laterally, the adductor longus medially, and the inguinal ligament superiorly.

  • The pectineus muscle forms the floor of this space
  • The femoral nerve, femoral artery, and femoral vein travel through this space wrapped together in a common sheath of tissue.
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16
Q

Femoral artery

A
  • an extension of the external iliac artery from the pelvis
  • supplies the anterior structures of the thigh
  • It is named the femoral artery after it travels deep to the inguinal ligament to enter the leg
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17
Q

deep femoral artery

A
  • largest branch of the femoral artery
  • runs posteriorly and supplies the muscles of the posterior and medial regions of the thigh
  • the medial and lateral circumflex arteries branch from here
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18
Q

femoral nerve

A
  • branches into many small branches shortly after entering the thigh.
  • innervate muscles of the anterior thigh and some fibers of the pectineus
19
Q

Femoral vein

A
  • travels with the femoral artery through the thigh

- carries blood from the lower extremity back to the pelvis

20
Q

anterior compartment of the leg

A

It contains muscles that produce dorsiflexion and participate in inversion and eversion of the foot
- includes vascular and nervous elements including the anterior tibial artery and veins, and the deep fibular nerve

21
Q

deep fibular nerve

A

travels through the anterior compartment of the leg and innervates the muscles of this compartment
- travels with the anterior tibial artery

22
Q

dorsal pedis (dorsalis pedis) artery

A
  • supplies muscles and nerves on the dorsal aspect of the foot
  • a continuation of the anterior tibial artery when it crosses the talocrural (ankle) joint
23
Q

lateral compartment

A
  • lateral portion of space enclosed by the deep fascia of the leg
  • separated from the anterior and posterior compartments by the anterior and posterior intermuscular septa of leg
  • receives its blood supply from the fibular artery
24
Q

anterior and posterior intermuscular septa

A

attach to the fibula

allow for separation of the anterior compartment and the posterior compartment from the lateral compartment

25
Q

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

A

innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

26
Q

fibular artery

A

a branch of the posterior tibial artery shortly after it branches from the popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa
feeds the lateral portion of the leg

27
Q

obturator artery

A
  • branches from the internal iliac artery just inferior to the superior gluteal artery
  • runs anterolaterally along the ilium.
  • runs through the obturator foramen
  • gives off the acetabular branch or the artery to the femoral head.
  • supplies the medial thigh muscles
28
Q

obturator nerve

A
  • this runs along the obturator artery

- innervates the medial thigh muscles

29
Q

great saphenous vein

A
  • drains into the femoral vein near the hip.
  • drains everything that the small saphenous vein doesnt
  • runs along the medial side of the lower extremity
30
Q

small saphenous vein

A
  • drains the lateral foot and leg and drains into the popliteal vein
31
Q

what are the two main superficifal veins of the leg

A

the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein

32
Q

fibular vein

A

travels on the posterolateral aspect of the interosseous membrane with the fibular artery

33
Q

anterior and posterior tibial veins

A

drain the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg, respectively, and unite to form the popliteal vein

34
Q

external iliac vein

A

this is what the femoral vein turns into as it passes deep to the inguinal ligament

35
Q

deep femoral vein

A

a vein that drains into the femoral vein

36
Q

femoral vein

A

this becomes the external iliac vein as it passes the inguinal ligament

37
Q

dorsal pedis artery

A
  • a blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot
  • It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery
38
Q

medial plantar artery

A
  • much smaller than the lateral plantar artery

- supplies the medial aspect of the foot

39
Q

plantar arch

A

formed when the lateral plantar artery turns medially and unites with the deep plantar branch of the dorsalis pedis artery

40
Q

digital arteries

A

small arteries that supply the toes

41
Q

internal iliac artery

A

the smaller terminal branch of the common iliac artery

42
Q

external iliac artery

A
  • a major blood vessel transporting oxygenated blood out of the pelvic region and into the leg
43
Q

medial circumflex femoral artery

A
  • a branch of the deep femoral artery

- an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

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