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Anatomy Lab > Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, Trunk, Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, Trunk, Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

meninges

A

the layers around the spinal cord and brain

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2
Q

bones in the thoracic cavity

A
  • ribs

- sternum

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3
Q

cervical region

A
  • neck region
  • has 7 vertebra
  • small body, minimal to no transverse process, has a bifid spinous process, has transverse foramen
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4
Q

thoracic region

A
  • chest region
  • had 12 verterbra
  • body much larger, vertebral foramen larger, large transverse process, has a large spinous process rotated inferiorly, and larger superior and inferior processes
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5
Q

lumbar region

A
  • 5 moveable vertebra
  • the spinal cord ends at L1
  • much larger body, smaller but fatter spinous process, transverse process is small, vertebral foramen more of a triangle shape
  • these have the largest body because they support the most weight
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6
Q

sacral region

A
  • 5 fused vertebra

- this is the end of the vertebral column

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7
Q

cervical enlargement

A

a portion of the cervical region that is larger/wider than the rest

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8
Q

lumbar enlargement

A

a portion of the cord larger than the rest just above the conus medullar-is

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9
Q

conus medullaris

A

cone shaped inferior end of the spinal cord

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10
Q

cauda equina

A

the spinal nerves that travel through the vertebral column after the spinal cord ends

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11
Q

Dura Mater

A

“tough mother”

  • this is the outter most layer of the meninges
  • this is the toughest layer
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12
Q

arachnoid Mater

A
  • thin transparent layer deep to the dura mater
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13
Q

pia mater

A
  • final, inner layer that is directly touching the spinal cord
  • won’t be able to see this except at the dentriculate ligaments and the filum terminale
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14
Q

denticulate ligament

A

triangle shaped tissues that anchor the spinal cord laterally to keep it centrally located (tip of triangle is touching the spinal cord and the base is touching the dura)

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15
Q

filum terminale

A

an extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord from the conus medullaris to the coccyx

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16
Q

white matter

A
  • this is made of mylinated axons
  • arranged into columns
  • this is in the spinal cord and will see it in the cross sections
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17
Q

dorsal column

A

the area between the dorsal horns on the spinal cord in the white matter

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18
Q

ventral column

A

the area between the ventral horns on the spinal cord in the white matter

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19
Q

lateral column

A

the area between the ventral horn and dorsal hornon the spinal cord in the white matter

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20
Q

Gray Matter

A

houses cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

  • arranged into horns
  • this is in the spinal cord and will see it in the cross sections
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21
Q

posterior (dorsal) horn

A

the two parts jutting out toward the posterior

- part of the gray matter

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22
Q

lateral horn

A

these are horns that are between the posterior and anterior horns

  • these are only present on the thoracic region
  • part of the gray matter
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23
Q

anterior horn

A

the two that are jutting out toward the anterior of the body

-part of the gray matter

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24
Q

central canal

A

this is the hole in the center of the gray matter

  • this contains cerebral spinal fluid
  • this is surrounded by the region reffered to as the commissure (part of the gray matter)
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25
dorsal root ganglian
small, ball like swelling on the outer aspect of the dura matter - this is going to be lateral to the spinal cord - this houses cell bodies of the sensory neurons traveling through the dorsal root
26
dorsal root and rootlets
- carry sensory information from the periphery to the spinal cord - these are going to be lateral to the spinal cord - these are thicker than the ventral roots
27
spinal nerves
where dorsal and ventral roots merge and both the motor and sensory information mixes - these will be lateral to the spinal cord - these are where the dorsal and ventral ramus converge before they separate into the dorsal and ventral roots (the roots are going to be more promimal to the spinal cord)
28
dorsal rami
runs dorsally to innervate the muscles and skin of the back | -lateral to the spinal nerve
29
ventral rami
runs anteriorly to innervate the muscles and skin of the exterminates and anterior trunk - most nerves in course will come from this one - lateral to teh spinal nerve
30
rootlets
these are small branches directly off the spinal cord that merge to form roots
31
external oblique
- contraction of this muscle causes trunk rotation to the opposite side - lateral trunk flexion to the same side - fibers are run superior laterally to inferior medially - most superficial muscle
32
internal oblique
- contraction causes truck rotation to the same side - contraction causes lateral trunk flexion on same side - fibers run inferior laterally to superior medially - this is deep to both the external oblique and the recites abdominus
33
rectus abdominus
- contraction causes spinal flexion - its fibers run vertically - deep to the external oblique - superficial to the internal oblique
34
what three muscles are used when spinal flexion occurs
- the external oblique - the internal oblique - the rectus abdominus
35
transversus oblique
- compresses the abdomen - with unilateral contraction, it causes trunk rotation to the same side - this is the deepest muscle
36
erector Spinae
- these are on the dorsal side of the body - they run along either side of the spinal column - these are used to move the spine and stabilize the spine - three types
37
iliocostalis
- runs from the iliac crest of the pelvis to the ribs - bilateral contraction causes the extension of the spine - most lateral of the erector spinae
38
longissimus
- this is the longest of the erector spinae muscles - bilateral contraction causes the extension of the spine - lateral to the spinalis but medial to the illocostalis
39
spinalis
- this is the most medial of the erector spinae | - bilateral contraction causes the extension of the spine
40
true rib
directly attached to the costal cartilage on their own
41
false ribs
ribs attached to the costal cartilage that fuses together prior to the sternum
42
floating rib
this is the lower ribs in which are not attached to the costal cartilage
43
costal cartilage
the cartilage that connects the sternum to the ribs
44
articular (costal) facet
-the flat surface on the transverse process that connects with the tubericle of the rib
45
manubrium
the upper part of the central rib bone (superior to the sternum)
46
body
this is the center of the center rib bone
47
xiphoid process
bottom end of the central rib bone (inferior to the sternum)
48
sternal angle
this divides the body and the manubrium
49
superasternal notch
where the sternum has an indention at the superior end of the sternum
50
clavicular notch
where the sternum articulates with the clavicle
51
demifacet
where the head of the rib meets the vertebra | - there is a superior and an inferior
52
spinous process
a bony protection off the back of each vertebra - it protrudes where the laminar of the cerebral arch join - provides the attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine
53
transverse process
a small bony projection off the left and right side of each vertebrae -a sight of articulation of the ribs
54
vertebral foramen
an opening in the vertebra where the spinal cord passes
55
intervertebral foramen
an opening between two vertebra
56
body of the vertebra
this is the bigger portion and it is anterior
57
cervical vertebrae
- 7 of them - small body - minimal transverse process - has a bifid spinous process
58
transverse foramen
-a foramen in each transverse process of the cervical vertebrae
59
atlas
- top cervical vertebra | - this connects with the oppcipital bone
60
occipital condyles
a profusion on the oppcipital bone that fuses with the top vertebra -important for the atlas
61
axis
second cervical vertebrae | -has the dens
62
dens
this is a pivot on which the atlas and the attached head can rotate
63
thoracic vertebrae
- large body - large vertebral foramen - large transverse process - spinous process points inferiorly - large superior and articular processes
64
superior and inferior demifacet
two of the three regions that the rib articulates to the vertebra
65
explain how a rib attaches to the vertebra
- the head of the rib hits the superior demifacet of the vertebra it is inline with and the inferior demifacet of the vertebra superior to the inline vertebra - the tubercle of the rib hits the costal facet of the vertebra it is inline with
66
lumbar vertebra
- much much larger body - smaller but fatter spinous process - vertebral foramen is more triangular shape
67
superior/inferior articular facet and process
-the superior articulate facet articulates with the inferior articular facet of the vertebra above
68
sacrum
-5 fused bodies of vertebra
69
coccyx
3-5 fused vertebrae with no spinal nerves traveling through them
70
intervertebral disc
- this is in between each vertebrae | - acts to hold the vertebrae together and allows for slight movement
71
anterior longitudinal ligament
this is a ligament that runs down the anterior surface of the spine
72
posterior longitudinal ligament
long and important ligament located immediately posterior to the vertebral bodies (to which it attaches loosely) and intervertebral discs (to which it is firmly attached). -It extends from the back of the sacrum inferiorly and gradually broadens as it ascends

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

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