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Anatomy Lab > Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, Trunk, Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, Trunk, Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

meninges

A

the layers around the spinal cord and brain

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2
Q

bones in the thoracic cavity

A
  • ribs

- sternum

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3
Q

cervical region

A
  • neck region
  • has 7 vertebra
  • small body, minimal to no transverse process, has a bifid spinous process, has transverse foramen
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4
Q

thoracic region

A
  • chest region
  • had 12 verterbra
  • body much larger, vertebral foramen larger, large transverse process, has a large spinous process rotated inferiorly, and larger superior and inferior processes
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5
Q

lumbar region

A
  • 5 moveable vertebra
  • the spinal cord ends at L1
  • much larger body, smaller but fatter spinous process, transverse process is small, vertebral foramen more of a triangle shape
  • these have the largest body because they support the most weight
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6
Q

sacral region

A
  • 5 fused vertebra

- this is the end of the vertebral column

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7
Q

cervical enlargement

A

a portion of the cervical region that is larger/wider than the rest

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8
Q

lumbar enlargement

A

a portion of the cord larger than the rest just above the conus medullar-is

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9
Q

conus medullaris

A

cone shaped inferior end of the spinal cord

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10
Q

cauda equina

A

the spinal nerves that travel through the vertebral column after the spinal cord ends

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11
Q

Dura Mater

A

“tough mother”

  • this is the outter most layer of the meninges
  • this is the toughest layer
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12
Q

arachnoid Mater

A
  • thin transparent layer deep to the dura mater
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13
Q

pia mater

A
  • final, inner layer that is directly touching the spinal cord
  • won’t be able to see this except at the dentriculate ligaments and the filum terminale
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14
Q

denticulate ligament

A

triangle shaped tissues that anchor the spinal cord laterally to keep it centrally located (tip of triangle is touching the spinal cord and the base is touching the dura)

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15
Q

filum terminale

A

an extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord from the conus medullaris to the coccyx

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16
Q

white matter

A
  • this is made of mylinated axons
  • arranged into columns
  • this is in the spinal cord and will see it in the cross sections
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17
Q

dorsal column

A

the area between the dorsal horns on the spinal cord in the white matter

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18
Q

ventral column

A

the area between the ventral horns on the spinal cord in the white matter

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19
Q

lateral column

A

the area between the ventral horn and dorsal hornon the spinal cord in the white matter

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20
Q

Gray Matter

A

houses cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

  • arranged into horns
  • this is in the spinal cord and will see it in the cross sections
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21
Q

posterior (dorsal) horn

A

the two parts jutting out toward the posterior

- part of the gray matter

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22
Q

lateral horn

A

these are horns that are between the posterior and anterior horns

  • these are only present on the thoracic region
  • part of the gray matter
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23
Q

anterior horn

A

the two that are jutting out toward the anterior of the body

-part of the gray matter

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24
Q

central canal

A

this is the hole in the center of the gray matter

  • this contains cerebral spinal fluid
  • this is surrounded by the region reffered to as the commissure (part of the gray matter)
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25
Q

dorsal root ganglian

A

small, ball like swelling on the outer aspect of the dura matter

  • this is going to be lateral to the spinal cord
  • this houses cell bodies of the sensory neurons traveling through the dorsal root
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26
Q

dorsal root and rootlets

A
  • carry sensory information from the periphery to the spinal cord
  • these are going to be lateral to the spinal cord
  • these are thicker than the ventral roots
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27
Q

spinal nerves

A

where dorsal and ventral roots merge and both the motor and sensory information mixes

  • these will be lateral to the spinal cord
  • these are where the dorsal and ventral ramus converge before they separate into the dorsal and ventral roots (the roots are going to be more promimal to the spinal cord)
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28
Q

dorsal rami

A

runs dorsally to innervate the muscles and skin of the back

-lateral to the spinal nerve

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29
Q

ventral rami

A

runs anteriorly to innervate the muscles and skin of the exterminates and anterior trunk

  • most nerves in course will come from this one
  • lateral to teh spinal nerve
30
Q

rootlets

A

these are small branches directly off the spinal cord that merge to form roots

31
Q

external oblique

A
  • contraction of this muscle causes trunk rotation to the opposite side
  • lateral trunk flexion to the same side
  • fibers are run superior laterally to inferior medially
  • most superficial muscle
32
Q

internal oblique

A
  • contraction causes truck rotation to the same side
  • contraction causes lateral trunk flexion on same side
  • fibers run inferior laterally to superior medially
  • this is deep to both the external oblique and the recites abdominus
33
Q

rectus abdominus

A
  • contraction causes spinal flexion
  • its fibers run vertically
  • deep to the external oblique
  • superficial to the internal oblique
34
Q

what three muscles are used when spinal flexion occurs

A
  • the external oblique
  • the internal oblique
  • the rectus abdominus
35
Q

transversus oblique

A
  • compresses the abdomen
  • with unilateral contraction, it causes trunk rotation to the same side
  • this is the deepest muscle
36
Q

erector Spinae

A
  • these are on the dorsal side of the body
  • they run along either side of the spinal column
  • these are used to move the spine and stabilize the spine
  • three types
37
Q

iliocostalis

A
  • runs from the iliac crest of the pelvis to the ribs
  • bilateral contraction causes the extension of the spine
  • most lateral of the erector spinae
38
Q

longissimus

A
  • this is the longest of the erector spinae muscles
  • bilateral contraction causes the extension of the spine
  • lateral to the spinalis but medial to the illocostalis
39
Q

spinalis

A
  • this is the most medial of the erector spinae

- bilateral contraction causes the extension of the spine

40
Q

true rib

A

directly attached to the costal cartilage on their own

41
Q

false ribs

A

ribs attached to the costal cartilage that fuses together prior to the sternum

42
Q

floating rib

A

this is the lower ribs in which are not attached to the costal cartilage

43
Q

costal cartilage

A

the cartilage that connects the sternum to the ribs

44
Q

articular (costal) facet

A

-the flat surface on the transverse process that connects with the tubericle of the rib

45
Q

manubrium

A

the upper part of the central rib bone (superior to the sternum)

46
Q

body

A

this is the center of the center rib bone

47
Q

xiphoid process

A

bottom end of the central rib bone (inferior to the sternum)

48
Q

sternal angle

A

this divides the body and the manubrium

49
Q

superasternal notch

A

where the sternum has an indention at the superior end of the sternum

50
Q

clavicular notch

A

where the sternum articulates with the clavicle

51
Q

demifacet

A

where the head of the rib meets the vertebra

- there is a superior and an inferior

52
Q

spinous process

A

a bony protection off the back of each vertebra

  • it protrudes where the laminar of the cerebral arch join
  • provides the attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine
53
Q

transverse process

A

a small bony projection off the left and right side of each vertebrae
-a sight of articulation of the ribs

54
Q

vertebral foramen

A

an opening in the vertebra where the spinal cord passes

55
Q

intervertebral foramen

A

an opening between two vertebra

56
Q

body of the vertebra

A

this is the bigger portion and it is anterior

57
Q

cervical vertebrae

A
  • 7 of them
  • small body
  • minimal transverse process
  • has a bifid spinous process
58
Q

transverse foramen

A

-a foramen in each transverse process of the cervical vertebrae

59
Q

atlas

A
  • top cervical vertebra

- this connects with the oppcipital bone

60
Q

occipital condyles

A

a profusion on the oppcipital bone that fuses with the top vertebra
-important for the atlas

61
Q

axis

A

second cervical vertebrae

-has the dens

62
Q

dens

A

this is a pivot on which the atlas and the attached head can rotate

63
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A
  • large body
  • large vertebral foramen
  • large transverse process
  • spinous process points inferiorly
  • large superior and articular processes
64
Q

superior and inferior demifacet

A

two of the three regions that the rib articulates to the vertebra

65
Q

explain how a rib attaches to the vertebra

A
  • the head of the rib hits the superior demifacet of the vertebra it is inline with and the inferior demifacet of the vertebra superior to the inline vertebra
  • the tubercle of the rib hits the costal facet of the vertebra it is inline with
66
Q

lumbar vertebra

A
  • much much larger body
  • smaller but fatter spinous process
  • vertebral foramen is more triangular shape
67
Q

superior/inferior articular facet and process

A

-the superior articulate facet articulates with the inferior articular facet of the vertebra above

68
Q

sacrum

A

-5 fused bodies of vertebra

69
Q

coccyx

A

3-5 fused vertebrae with no spinal nerves traveling through them

70
Q

intervertebral disc

A
  • this is in between each vertebrae

- acts to hold the vertebrae together and allows for slight movement

71
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

this is a ligament that runs down the anterior surface of the spine

72
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

long and important ligament located immediately posterior to the vertebral bodies (to which it attaches loosely) and intervertebral discs (to which it is firmly attached).
-It extends from the back of the sacrum inferiorly and gradually broadens as it ascends

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

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