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Anatomy Lab > Anterior Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Anterior Forearm and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

brachioradialis

A

lateral to the flexor carpi radialis
superficial to pronator teres
looks like the muscles of the forearm, but it doesn’t actually cross the wrist

Action:Flexes elbow
Origin:Lateral distal humerus
Insertion:Styloid process of radius
innervation:Radial nerve

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2
Q

superficial layer of the anterior forearm

A

pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus

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3
Q

pronator teres

A

deep to brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis
this is more superior in the forearm
the shortest muscle originating from the medial epicondyle

Action:Pronates forearm
Origin:Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:Lateral radius
innervation:Median nerve

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4
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A
  • this muscle is going to be medial to the brachioradialis
  • this is lateral to the palmaris longus
  • cross only the wrist joints
  • inserts on the ulnar side of the wrist and assists with ulnar deviation (wrist adduction)

Action:Flexes wrist and abducts hand

Origin:Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:Base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals

innervation:Median nerve

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5
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A
  • cross only the wrist joints
  • inserts on the radial side of the wrist and also assists with radial deviation (wrist abduction)

Action: Flexes wrist and adducts hand

Origin:Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:Medial carpal and metacarpal bones

innervation:Ulnar nerve

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6
Q

palmaris longus

A
  • this is going to be medial to the flexor carpi radialis
  • this is lateral to the flexor carpi ulnaris
  • a very small muscle
  • not present in 10-20% of the population.

Action:Weak wrist flexor
Origin:Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion:Palmar aponeurosis
innervation:Median nerve

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7
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

A
  • this is the only muscle in the intermediate layer of the anterior arm
  • crosses the wrist, MCP, and PIP joints of digits 2-5 in the hand.
  • Notice how this muscle splits and inserts on the middle phalanx of these digits.
  • the tendons of this muscle are pierced by the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Action:Flexes wrist, 2nd–5th MP joints, and PIP joints

Origin:Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:Middle phalanges of fingers 2–5

innervation:Median nerve

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8
Q

deep layer of the anterior forearm

A

flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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9
Q

flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

A
  • is deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis
  • runs deep to the tendon of FDS through its split at the middle phalanx and continues distally

Action:Flexes wrist, 2nd–5th MP joints, PIP joints, & DIP joints

Origin:Anteromedial ulna

Insertion:Distal phalanges of fingers 2–5

innervation:
- Lateral 1⁄2 = median nerve - Medial 1⁄2 = ulnar nerve

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10
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A
  • lateral to the flexor digitorum profundus
  • sends its tendon across the IP joint of the first digit to insert on the distal phalanx of digit 1, the thumb

Action:Flexes MP joint of thumb, IP joint of thumb

Origin: Anterior shaft of radius

Insertion:Distal phalanx of thumb

innervation:Median nerve

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11
Q

pronator quadratus

A
  • very deep on the anterior aspect of the distal forearm
  • sits just anterior to the interosseus membrane

Action:Pronates forearm
Origin:Distal ulna
Insertion:Distal radius
innervation:Median Nerve

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12
Q

flexor retinaculum

A
  • a thick sheet of connective tissue
  • helps to hold these flexor tendons in place and create a mechanical advantage, increasing the amount of force these muscles can produce
  • the tendons of these muscles run underneath
  • median nerve also runs deep to the retinaculum

Note that the palmaris longus is the only muscle whose tendon does not travel through the carpal tunnel but, instead, travels superficial to the flexor retinaculum

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13
Q

carpal tunnel

A

space that these tendons and the median nerve runs through within the flexor retinaculum

-Irritation of the median nerve often occurs in this place, and this is called carpal tunnel syndrome

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14
Q

thenar muscles

A

intrinsic hand muscles that act on the thumb

- contain an abductor, flexor, and opponens muscle

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15
Q

hypothenar muscles

A

intrinsic hand muscles that act on the 5th digit

- contain an abductor, flexor, and opponens muscle

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16
Q

opponens pollicis muscle

A
  • deep to flexor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis brevis
  • within the thenar eminence

Action:Opposes thumb
Origin:
Insertion:
innervation: median nerve

17
Q

flexor pollicis brevis

A
  • within the thenar eminence
  • medial to the abductor pollicis brevis

Action:Flexes thumb

innervation:Median nerve

18
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A
  • within the thenar eminence
  • lateral to the flexor pollicis brevis

Action: Abducts thumb

innervation: Median nerve

19
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A
  • this is in the hypothenar eminence
  • is deep to the flexor digiti minimi and abductor digiti minimi.

Action: Opposition of finger 5

innervation: ulnar nerve

20
Q

flexor digiti minimi

A
  • this is in the hypothenar eminence
  • this is medial and deep to the abductor digiti minimi

Action:Flexes finger 5

innervation: Ulnar nerve

21
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A
  • this is in the hypothenar eminence
  • this is lateral and superficial to the flexor digiti minimi brevis

Action: Abducts finger 5

innervation: Ulnar nerve

22
Q

adductor pollicis

A
  • is part of the deep muscles of the hand.
  • It has two heads: one runs from the thumb horizontally across the hand, while the other runs from the same origin obliquely across the palm.
  • These two heads create a “7” shape. This muscle acts to adduct the thumb.

Action: adduct the thumb

innervation:

23
Q

lumbricals

A
  • attach to the flexor tendons within the hand.
  • These thin muscles help you form an “L” with your 2nd-4th digits

Action: Flexes 2nd–5th MP joints and extends 2nd–5th PIP and DIP joints

innervation:

  • Lateral 2 lumbricals: median nerve
  • Medial 2 lumbricals: ulnar nerve
24
Q

dorsal interossei

A
  • can see from the dorsal aspect of the hand
  • Dorsal interossei ABduct the digits DAB
  • The interosseous muscle on the lateral aspect of the digit with its fibers running distally towards the midline are dorsal interossei
  • middle (3rd) digit can only abduct, so it has only dorsal interossei on either side of it

Action: Abducts fingers 2–5; flexes MP joints 2–5, and extends PIP and DIP joints

innervation: Ulnar nerve

25
Q

palmar interossei

A
  • can see from the dorsal aspect of the hand
  • Palmer interossei ADduct the digits PAD
  • the interosseus muscle on the medial aspect of the digit with its fibers running proximally towards the midline are palmar interossei

Action: Adducts fingers 2–5; flexes MP joints 2–5, and extends PIP and DIP joints

innervation: Ulnar nerve

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

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