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Anatomy Lab > Muscles of the neck and face; Head and neck vasculature > Flashcards

Muscles of the neck and face; Head and neck vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

What one muscle of facial expression is not innervated by the facial nerve

A

levator palpebrae superioris

  • this is innervated by cranial nerve 3
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2
Q

occipito frontalis

A

this muscle has two bellies

Frontal belly covers forehead; occipital belly covers posterior skull; Epicranial aponeurosis connects the bellies

action:
- Elevates eyebrows & wrinkles forehead horizontally
- Pulls the scalp posteriorly

emotion: surprise, curiosity

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3
Q

Corrugator supercilii

A

Small muscle in the medial eyebrow

action: Draw eyebrows inferomedially, creating vertical wrinkles above the nose

Emotion:Concern, skepticism

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4
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Thin, flat, sphincter of the eye, surrounds the orbit

action: Closes eyes

Emotion: Winking, blinking; squinting

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5
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Runs from the posterior orbit to the superior eyelid

this is the only muscle of the face not innervated by the facial nerve

action: Elevates superior eyelid to open the eye

Emotion: Contributes to surprise, curiosity

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6
Q

Procerus

A

Between the eyebrows over the nasal bone

action: Depresses medial eyebrow, wrinkles skin over the nose

Emotion: Dislike or disdain

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7
Q

Nasalis

A

Over cartilage of the nose

action: Compresses bridge and depresses tip of the nose, elevates corners of the nostrils

Emotion:Flares nostrils, as with anger

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8
Q

Buccinator

A

Thin, horizontal muscle in the cheek, deep to the masseter.

action: Compresses cheek; holds food between cheek and teeth when chewing

Emotion: Whistling, sucking

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9
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

Runs from the angle of the mouth to the lateral chin

action: Draws the corner of the mouth inferiorly and laterally

Emotion: Frown

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10
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

Runs from lateral chin to the lower lip

action: Depresses the lower lip

Emotion:Frown

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11
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

Runs from the medial cheek to the angle of the lips

action: Widens the mouth, elevates the corners of the mouth

Emotion:Smiling

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12
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

Runs from the inferior orbit to the lateral upper lip

action: Elevates and furrows the upper lip

Emotion: Sadness;

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13
Q

Levator labii superioris alequae nasi

A

Runs alongside nose to medial upper lip, lateral to midline

action: Elevates the upper lip, dilates the nostrils

Emotion: elvis snarl

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14
Q

Zygomaticus major

A

Zygomatic arch to the corner of the mouth

action: Raises the corners of the mouth

Emotion:Smile

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15
Q

Zygomaticus minor

A

Zygomatic arch to the lateral upper lip

action: Raises the corner of the mouth/lateral upper lip

Emotion: smile

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16
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Thin muscle surrounding the entrance to the oral cavity

Action: Closes the lips/mouth; purses and protrudes the lips

Emotion: Kissing, whistling

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17
Q

Risorius

A

Runs horizontally and laterally from the angle of the mouth

Action: Draws corner of lip laterally and down, tenses the lips

Emotion: Frustration, sadness

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18
Q

Mentalis

A

Anterior chin to the lower lip

Action: Elevates & wrinkles skin of the chin, protrudes the lower lip

Emotion: Pouting

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19
Q

Platysma

A

Thin muscle within skin of the neck that runs from the clavicular region to the lower mandible and mouth

Action: Tenses the skin of the inferior face and neck, depresses the jaw

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20
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

this is deep to the platysma

  • it originates at the manubrium and clavicle and inserts onto the mastoid process

action:

  • bilaterally: it flexes the neck and brings the ear to the shoulder
  • unilaterally: it causes lateral flexion, rotation of the head to the opposite side

innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)

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21
Q

splenius capitis

A

Deep to the trapezius muscle

action:
Bilateral contraction: causes extension of the neck
Unilateral contraction: can cause either lateral flexion of the neck to the same side or rotation of the neck to the same side

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22
Q

scalene muscles

A

anterior, middle, and posterior muscles

deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

run from the cervical vertebrae to the first and second ribs

  • these originate at the transverse process of the cervical vertebra and they insert onto the 1st and 2nd rib
  • action: flexes the neck and elevates the 1st and 2nd ribs during forced inhalation
  • innervation: cervical spinal nerves
23
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A
  • digastric
  • geniohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • mylohyoid

these all insert onto the hypoid

24
Q

hyoid bone

A

inferior to the mandible within the neck

suspended within the neck by muscles and provides an important site of attachment for them.

  • this bone divides the muscles of the neck based on their location to it
  • is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage
25
Q

omohyoid

A
  • runs from the scapula to the hyoid bone.
  • has two muscle bellies
  • has a short intermediate tendon between the superior and inferior muscle bellies.

This tendon is held to the clavicle by a fascial sling

  • this is an infrahyoid muscle
    action: depresses the hyoid
26
Q

sternohyoid:

A
  • runs from the sternum to the hyoid.
  • this is an infrahyoid muscle

origin: sternum (manubrium)
action: depresses hyoid

27
Q

thyrohyoid

A
  • this is an infrahyoid muscle
    origin: thyroid cartilage
    action: depresses hyoid,

elevates thyroid cartilage

28
Q

sternothyoid

A
  • this is an infrahyoid muscle
  • *this doesn’t insert on the hyoid but it inserts on the thyroid which in turn depresses the thyroid
  • origin: posterior surface of the manubrium
  • insertion: thyroid cartilage
  • action: depresses the thyroid cartilage
29
Q

what divides the neck into the posterior and the anterior triangles

A

the sternocleidomastoid

30
Q

what is the “danger space”

A

the way the fascia are layered can create really easy pathways for an infection in the mouth or oral cavity for example to jump down to the mediastinum
- there are spaces that connect down to the mediastinum so that is super dangerous because an infection in the oral cavity could then begin to affect the heart and potentially infect the heart

31
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

omohyoid
sternohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

these all insert onto the hyoid bone

32
Q

stylohyoid

A
  • a suprahyoid muscle
  • Superior to the posterior belly of the digastric

travels from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the hyoid.

  • this originates at the stylohyoid of the temporal bone
    action: elevates the hyoid
33
Q

mylohyoid:

A
  • a suprahyoid muscle
  • this muscle makes up most of what is below the tongue

can be seen just inferior and medial to the mandible.

This muscle runs from the mandible to the hyoid and forms the anterior floor of the mouth.

action: elevates hyoid, melevates the floor of the mouth

34
Q

geniohyoid

A

runs from the mandible to the hyoid bone, but it is smaller and sits deep to the mylohyoid

  • a suprahyoid muscle
    action: elevates hyoid
35
Q

diagastric

A
  • two muscle bellies
  • a suprahyoid muscle
  • runs from the mandible to the hyoid bone and runs from the hyoid bone to the temporal bone (near the mastoid process
  • action: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid
36
Q

common carotid artery

A
  • this is the middle branch of the aortic arch and this is the left common carotid because of the way the aortic arch is slanted to the left side of the body
  • the right common carotid will branch out of the brachiocephalic branch off of the aortic arch
  • the two common carotid arteries (left and right) will branch into the internal carotid and the external carotid
37
Q

internal carotid artery

A

this goes into the skull and eventUally connects with the circle of willis

38
Q

superior thyroid artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and it travels to the thyroid

39
Q

lingual artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and it goes to the tongue

40
Q

facial artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and it travels and supplies the face

just superior to the lingual artery.

travels along the inferior aspect of the mandible and then wraps around the middle portion of the mandible and ascends through the face

41
Q

occipital artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and it travels to the posterior scalp

42
Q

posterior auricular artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and this supplies the region behind the ear

arises just superior to the occipital artery. It ascends just anterior to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and posterior to the ear

43
Q

maxillary artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and it runs deep and goes to the cheek region

  • this supplies the muscles for mastication, teeth, nasal cavity
  • this is a large artery
44
Q

superficial temporal artery

A

this is a branch of the external carotid and this goes to and supplies the superficial lateral scalp

45
Q

vertebral artery

A

this branches off the subclavian arteries

  • these run superiorly and travel through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra
  • these will supply a portion of the circle of willis
46
Q

subclavian artery

A
  • we have a left and right subclavian
  • the left subclavian artery is the most posterior branch off of the aortic arch and these feed into the upper extremities
  • the right subclavian artery going to be a branch off of the brachiocephalic trunk due to the left angle of the aortic arch
47
Q

internal jugular vein

A

this drains everything from the dural sinuses within the brain
- this will merge with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

48
Q

brachiocephalic vein

A

the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein merge to form this

  • there is one on both sides of the body which is different than the arteries
  • the left and right then merge to form the superior vena cava
49
Q

external jugular vein

A

drains blood from the superficial structures of the cranium and the deep portions of the face

50
Q

subclavian vein

A

this receives blood from the axillary vein and external jugular vein and drains into the brachiocephalic vein

51
Q

external carotid artery

A 
this is a large vessel that has many branches and supplies the majority of the head
o Superior thyroid artery
o Lingual artery
o Facial artery
o Occipital artery
o Maxillary artery
o Superficial temporal artery
52
Q

angular artery

A

This terminal branch of the facial artery runs along the nose to the medial corner of the eye.

53
Q

epicranial aponeurosis

A

this is the connection of the two muscle bellies of the occipitofrontalis

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

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