Muscles of the neck and face; Head and neck vasculature

Question 1

What one muscle of facial expression is not innervated by the facial nerve

Answer 1

levator palpebrae superioris

• this is innervated by cranial nerve 3

Question 2

occipito frontalis

Answer 2

this muscle has two bellies

Frontal belly covers forehead; occipital belly covers posterior skull; Epicranial aponeurosis connects the bellies

action:
- Elevates eyebrows & wrinkles forehead horizontally
- Pulls the scalp posteriorly

emotion: surprise, curiosity

Question 3

Corrugator supercilii

Answer 3

Small muscle in the medial eyebrow

action: Draw eyebrows inferomedially, creating vertical wrinkles above the nose

Emotion:Concern, skepticism

Question 4

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 4

Thin, flat, sphincter of the eye, surrounds the orbit

action: Closes eyes

Emotion: Winking, blinking; squinting

Question 5

Levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 5

Runs from the posterior orbit to the superior eyelid

this is the only muscle of the face not innervated by the facial nerve

action: Elevates superior eyelid to open the eye

Emotion: Contributes to surprise, curiosity

Question 6

Procerus

Answer 6

Between the eyebrows over the nasal bone

action: Depresses medial eyebrow, wrinkles skin over the nose

Emotion: Dislike or disdain

Question 7

Nasalis

Answer 7

Over cartilage of the nose

action: Compresses bridge and depresses tip of the nose, elevates corners of the nostrils

Emotion:Flares nostrils, as with anger

Question 8

Buccinator

Answer 8

Thin, horizontal muscle in the cheek, deep to the masseter.

action: Compresses cheek; holds food between cheek and teeth when chewing

Emotion: Whistling, sucking

Question 9

Depressor anguli oris

Answer 9

Runs from the angle of the mouth to the lateral chin

action: Draws the corner of the mouth inferiorly and laterally

Emotion: Frown

Question 10

Depressor labii inferioris

Answer 10

Runs from lateral chin to the lower lip

action: Depresses the lower lip

Emotion:Frown

Question 11

Levator anguli oris

Answer 11

Runs from the medial cheek to the angle of the lips

action: Widens the mouth, elevates the corners of the mouth

Emotion:Smiling

Question 12

Levator labii superioris

Answer 12

Runs from the inferior orbit to the lateral upper lip

action: Elevates and furrows the upper lip

Emotion: Sadness;

Question 13

Levator labii superioris alequae nasi

Answer 13

Runs alongside nose to medial upper lip, lateral to midline

action: Elevates the upper lip, dilates the nostrils

Emotion: elvis snarl

Question 14

Zygomaticus major

Answer 14

Zygomatic arch to the corner of the mouth

action: Raises the corners of the mouth

Emotion:Smile

Question 15

Zygomaticus minor

Answer 15

Zygomatic arch to the lateral upper lip

action: Raises the corner of the mouth/lateral upper lip

Emotion: smile

Question 16

Orbicularis oris

Answer 16

Thin muscle surrounding the entrance to the oral cavity

Action: Closes the lips/mouth; purses and protrudes the lips

Emotion: Kissing, whistling

Question 17

Risorius

Answer 17

Runs horizontally and laterally from the angle of the mouth

Action: Draws corner of lip laterally and down, tenses the lips

Emotion: Frustration, sadness

Question 18

Mentalis

Answer 18

Anterior chin to the lower lip

Action: Elevates & wrinkles skin of the chin, protrudes the lower lip

Emotion: Pouting

Question 19

Platysma

Answer 19

Thin muscle within skin of the neck that runs from the clavicular region to the lower mandible and mouth

Action: Tenses the skin of the inferior face and neck, depresses the jaw

Question 20

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 20

this is deep to the platysma

• it originates at the manubrium and clavicle and inserts onto the mastoid process

action:

• bilaterally: it flexes the neck and brings the ear to the shoulder
• unilaterally: it causes lateral flexion, rotation of the head to the opposite side

innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 21

splenius capitis

Answer 21

Deep to the trapezius muscle

action:
Bilateral contraction: causes extension of the neck
Unilateral contraction: can cause either lateral flexion of the neck to the same side or rotation of the neck to the same side

Question 22

scalene muscles

Answer 22

anterior, middle, and posterior muscles

deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

run from the cervical vertebrae to the first and second ribs

• these originate at the transverse process of the cervical vertebra and they insert onto the 1st and 2nd rib
• action: flexes the neck and elevates the 1st and 2nd ribs during forced inhalation
• innervation: cervical spinal nerves

Question 23

suprahyoid muscles

Answer 23

• digastric
• geniohyoid
• stylohyoid
• mylohyoid

these all insert onto the hypoid

Question 24

hyoid bone

Answer 24

inferior to the mandible within the neck

suspended within the neck by muscles and provides an important site of attachment for them.

• this bone divides the muscles of the neck based on their location to it
• is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage

Question 25

omohyoid

Answer 25

- runs from the scapula to the hyoid bone. - has two muscle bellies - has a short intermediate tendon between the superior and inferior muscle bellies. This tendon is held to the clavicle by a fascial sling - this is an infrahyoid muscle action: depresses the hyoid

Question 26

sternohyoid:

Answer 26

- runs from the sternum to the hyoid. - this is an infrahyoid muscle origin: sternum (manubrium) action: depresses hyoid

Question 27

thyrohyoid

Answer 27

- this is an infrahyoid muscle origin: thyroid cartilage action: depresses hyoid, elevates thyroid cartilage

Question 28

sternothyoid

Answer 28

- this is an infrahyoid muscle * *this doesn't insert on the hyoid but it inserts on the thyroid which in turn depresses the thyroid - origin: posterior surface of the manubrium - insertion: thyroid cartilage - action: depresses the thyroid cartilage

Question 29

what divides the neck into the posterior and the anterior triangles

Answer 29

the sternocleidomastoid

Question 30

what is the "danger space"

Answer 30

the way the fascia are layered can create really easy pathways for an infection in the mouth or oral cavity for example to jump down to the mediastinum - there are spaces that connect down to the mediastinum so that is super dangerous because an infection in the oral cavity could then begin to affect the heart and potentially infect the heart

Question 31

infrahyoid muscles

Answer 31

omohyoid sternohyoid thyrohyoid sternothyroid these all insert onto the hyoid bone

Question 32

stylohyoid

Answer 32

- a suprahyoid muscle - Superior to the posterior belly of the digastric travels from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the hyoid. - this originates at the stylohyoid of the temporal bone action: elevates the hyoid

Question 33

mylohyoid:

Answer 33

- a suprahyoid muscle - this muscle makes up most of what is below the tongue can be seen just inferior and medial to the mandible. This muscle runs from the mandible to the hyoid and forms the anterior floor of the mouth. action: elevates hyoid, melevates the floor of the mouth

Question 34

geniohyoid

Answer 34

runs from the mandible to the hyoid bone, but it is smaller and sits deep to the mylohyoid - a suprahyoid muscle action: elevates hyoid

Question 35

diagastric

Answer 35

- two muscle bellies - a suprahyoid muscle - runs from the mandible to the hyoid bone and runs from the hyoid bone to the temporal bone (near the mastoid process - action: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid

Question 36

common carotid artery

Answer 36

- this is the middle branch of the aortic arch and this is the left common carotid because of the way the aortic arch is slanted to the left side of the body - the right common carotid will branch out of the brachiocephalic branch off of the aortic arch - the two common carotid arteries (left and right) will branch into the internal carotid and the external carotid

Question 37

internal carotid artery

Answer 37

this goes into the skull and eventUally connects with the circle of willis

Question 38

superior thyroid artery

Answer 38

this is a branch of the external carotid and it travels to the thyroid

Question 39

lingual artery

Answer 39

this is a branch of the external carotid and it goes to the tongue

Question 40

facial artery

Answer 40

this is a branch of the external carotid and it travels and supplies the face just superior to the lingual artery. travels along the inferior aspect of the mandible and then wraps around the middle portion of the mandible and ascends through the face

Question 41

occipital artery

Answer 41

this is a branch of the external carotid and it travels to the posterior scalp

Question 42

posterior auricular artery

Answer 42

this is a branch of the external carotid and this supplies the region behind the ear arises just superior to the occipital artery. It ascends just anterior to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and posterior to the ear

Question 43

maxillary artery

Answer 43

this is a branch of the external carotid and it runs deep and goes to the cheek region - this supplies the muscles for mastication, teeth, nasal cavity - this is a large artery

Question 44

superficial temporal artery

Answer 44

this is a branch of the external carotid and this goes to and supplies the superficial lateral scalp

Question 45

vertebral artery

Answer 45

this branches off the subclavian arteries - these run superiorly and travel through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra - these will supply a portion of the circle of willis

Question 46

subclavian artery

Answer 46

- we have a left and right subclavian - the left subclavian artery is the most posterior branch off of the aortic arch and these feed into the upper extremities - the right subclavian artery going to be a branch off of the brachiocephalic trunk due to the left angle of the aortic arch

Question 47

internal jugular vein

Answer 47

this drains everything from the dural sinuses within the brain - this will merge with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

Question 48

brachiocephalic vein

Answer 48

the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein merge to form this - there is one on both sides of the body which is different than the arteries - the left and right then merge to form the superior vena cava

Question 49

external jugular vein

Answer 49

drains blood from the superficial structures of the cranium and the deep portions of the face

Question 50

subclavian vein

Answer 50

this receives blood from the axillary vein and external jugular vein and drains into the brachiocephalic vein

Question 51

external carotid artery

Answer 51

``` this is a large vessel that has many branches and supplies the majority of the head o Superior thyroid artery o Lingual artery o Facial artery o Occipital artery o Maxillary artery o Superficial temporal artery ```

Question 52

angular artery

Answer 52

This terminal branch of the facial artery runs along the nose to the medial corner of the eye.

Question 53

epicranial aponeurosis

Answer 53

this is the connection of the two muscle bellies of the occipitofrontalis