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Anatomy Lab > anterior/medial/lateral Leg > Flashcards

anterior/medial/lateral Leg Flashcards

1
Q

psoas major

A
  • merges with the iliacus to form the iliopsoas
  • works with these two to flex the hip
  • innervated by the femoral nerve
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2
Q

anterior thigh muscles

A 
psoas major
iliacus
iliopsoas
sartorius 
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
**these are all innervated by the femoral nerve
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3
Q

sartorius

A 
-innervated by the femoral nerve
Hip: flexion, abduction & lateral rotation 
Knee: flexion & medial rotation
origin: ASIS
insertion: pes anserine insertion
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4
Q

rectus femoris

A 
is the superficial muscle located on the midline of the thigh
- crosses the hip and the knee joint
-innervated by the femoral nerve
origin: AIIS
Hip: flexion
Knee: extension
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5
Q

vastus lateralis

A

this is located lateral to the rectus femoris
-innervated by the femoral nerve
-this is in the anterior thigh
originates: Greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera
extend the knee

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6
Q

vastus medialis

A
  • this is located medial to the rectus femoris
  • this is in the anterior thigh
  • extends the knee
  • innervated by the femoral nerve
    originates: Linea aspera
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7
Q

vastus intermedius

A

this is deep to the rectus femoris
-this is in the anterior thigh
-innervated by the femoral nerve
extends knee

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8
Q

what muscles make up the quadrecepts

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

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9
Q

pectineus

A

this is deep to the adductor longus
- has dual innervation from the femoral and obturator nerve
insertion: pectineal line
Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip

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10
Q

in what order to the medial thigh muscles insert on the femor

A
  • most superior to inferior
  • pectineus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longis
  • adductor magnus
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11
Q

where does the gracilis insert

A

the pes anserine insertion

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12
Q

where do all the medial thigh muscles origninate

A

they all have attachment at the pubis

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13
Q

the lateral thigh consists of what

A
  • tensor fasciae latae

- iliotibial tract

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14
Q

tensor fasciae latae (TFL)

A

this is near the hip portion of the lateral thigh
-this attaches to the iliotibial tract
- this is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
-when this tenses it makes the IT band tighter
Flexes, abducts and medially rotates hip

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15
Q

iliotibial tract (IT band)

A

this inserts at gerdy’s tubercle on the lateral aspect of the proximal tibia
-this is long piece of connectice tissue

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16
Q

gracilis

A
  • muscle is long and thin, and it inserts at the pes anserine insertion of the proximal medial tibia.
  • this is the most medial
  • this one can be viewed as loose
  • innervated by the obturator nerve

Hip: Adduction, medial rotation
Knee: Flexion, medial rotation

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17
Q

adductor magnus

A
  • large muscle has both hamstring and adductor parts
  • this is just lateral to the gracilis
  • this contains a hiatus that allows the femoral artery to pass from the anterior thigh to the posterior of the lower limb

Adductor part: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip
Hamstring part: extends and laterally rotates hip

origin:
Inferior ramus of pubis
Ischial tuberosity

insertion:
Linea aspera
Adductor tubercle

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18
Q

what nerve innervates the medial compartment

A

-the obturator nerve

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19
Q

adductor longus

A
  • this is in the medial thigh
  • this is just lateral to the gracilis
  • Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip
  • inserts on the linea aspera
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20
Q

adductor brevis

A

this is smaller than and deep to the adductor longus

  • this is in the medial thigh
  • Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip
    insertion: linea aspera
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21
Q

adductor magnus

A
  • this has a larger muscle body than adductor longus or adductor brevis
  • this muscle is the most deep of the three
  • this is in the medial thigh
  • this contains a hiatus that allows a vessel to pass from the anterior thigh to the posterior of the lower limb
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22
Q

what nerve innervates the lateral thigh muscles

A

the superior gluteal nerve

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23
Q

iliacus

A

this is the muscle that sits within the iliac fossa

  • innervated by the femoral nerve
  • comes together with the psoas major after passing the inguinal ligament to form the ilioposas
  • Hip flexion
24
Q

ilioposas

A

the iliacus and the psoas major come together after passing the inguinal ligament to form this

25
Q

medial meniscus

A

sits on top of the medial tibia

  • functions to cushion and act as a shock absorber for the knee
  • c shaped
26
Q

lateral meniscus

A

sits on top of the lateral tibia

  • functions to cushion and act as a shock absorber for the knee
  • o shaped
27
Q

medial collateral ligament

A
  • attaches to the medial side of the inferior end of the femur and the medial side of the superior tibia
  • prevents movement of the knee joint in the response to valgus forces
28
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A

-attaches to the lateral side of the inferior end of the femur and the lateral side of the superior tibia
prevents movement of the knee joint in the response to varus forces

29
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

within the knee joint itself

  • runs from the inner surface of the lateral femoral condyle, wraps around the PCL, and inserts onto the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
  • prevents anterior movement of the tibia on the femur
30
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A
  • within the knee joint itself
  • runs from the inner surface of the medial femoral condyle to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
  • prevents posterior movement of the tibia on the femur
31
Q

valgus forces

A
  • knee bends inward in the coronal plane and opens the medial joint space
  • when the lateral aspect of the knee is hit
32
Q

varus forces

A
  • would result in the knee bending out laterally in the coronal plane and opening of the lateral joint space.
33
Q

deltoid ligament

A

this is on the medial side of the ankle

-this is made of several ligaments

34
Q

anterior talofibular ligament

A

this is the ligament connecting the fibula to the talus bone on the anteriolateral surface
-commonly injured with eversion ankle sprains

35
Q

anterior tibiofibular ligament

A

-this connects the tibia and the fibula at the inferior end

36
Q

calcaneofibular ligament

A

-this connects the calcaneuous and the fibula

37
Q

tibialis anterior

A
  • this hugs the tibial bone
  • this originates on the lateral side and then moves more medially while traveling inferiorly
  • has a long tendon that crosses the medial side of the foot and this contributes to the arch of the foot
  • this is the primary dorsiflexor of the foot
  • inverts ankle
  • innervated by the deep fibular nerve
38
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

this is lateral to the tibialis anterior

  • this branches into many tendons on the dorsal aspect of the foot that extend to digits 2-5
  • contributes to dorsiflexion and eversion of the ankle
  • extends the digits
  • innervated by the deep fibular nerve
39
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A
  • this is deep to the tibialis anterior
  • this crosses the ankle and travels to the hallucis (big toe)
  • you can see this one emerge from between the tibialis anterior and the extensor digitorum longus
  • this leads to the extension of the big toe
  • dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle
40
Q

fibularis longus

A
  • partners with the fibularis brevis to evert the foot with a little plantar flexion
  • this is a long muscle that is on the lateral side with a long skinny tendon that causes the ankle and inserts at the metatarsal of digit 5
  • this is part of the lateral compartment
  • this sends its tendon under the arch on the foot to insert at the base of the first metatarsal
  • innervated by the superficial fibular nerve
41
Q

fibularis brevis

A
  • this is just deep to the fibularis longus
  • has a shorter tendon than fibularis longus
  • works with the fibularis longus to evert the foot with a little plantar flexion
  • this inserts at the base of the 5th metatarsal on the lateral aspect of the foot
  • innervated by the superficial fibular nerve
42
Q

fibularis tertius

A

this is a small muscle that can be seen from behing the fibularis brevis when looking from the anteriolateral side
inserts on the fifth digit
dorsiflexion and weak eversion

43
Q

what is part of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

fibularis brevis

fibularis longus

44
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

A
  • this extends digits 2-4
  • on the dorsal aspect of the foot
  • innervated by the deep fibular nerve
45
Q

extensor hallucis brevis

A

this extends the big toe

innervation: deep fibular nerve

46
Q

posterior talofibular ligament

A

runs from the fibula to the talus posteriorly

47
Q

quadrecepts tendon

A
  • this is the mergance of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
  • this joins the patella and the patella ligament which inserts onto the tibia
48
Q

what muscles insert onto the pes anserine insertion

A

the sartorius, gracilis, and the semitendinosus

49
Q

what inserts on gerdy’s tubercle

A

the iliotibial tract

50
Q

the anterior part of the leg is innervated by what

A

the deep fibular nerve

51
Q

what does the sartorius do

A
  • hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation

- knee flexion and medial rotation

52
Q

the quadrecepts do what to the knee

A

-they cause extension of the knee

53
Q

the rectus femois causes what in addition to the extension of the knee

A
  • it causes hip flexion
54
Q

where does the rectus femoris originate

A

AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)

55
Q

what do the psoas major and iliacus do

A

they flex the hib

- they insert on the lesser trochanter

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

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