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Anatomy Lab > the pectoral girdle > Flashcards

the pectoral girdle Flashcards

1
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A

This is between the sternum and the clavicle. The sternoclavicular ligament helps to stabilize this joint.

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2
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

it is the junction between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle.

-this joint is stabilized by the acromioclavicular, coracoacromial, and coracoclavicular ligaments

It is a plane synovial joint.

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3
Q

sternoclavicular ligament

A

It is a ligament that extends from the posterior aspect of the sternal end of the clavicle to the posterosuperior manubrium

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4
Q

acromioclavicular ligament

A

extending between the upper part of the acromial end of the clavicle and the adjoining part of the upper surface of the acromion.

stabilizes the acromioclavicular joint

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5
Q

coracoacromial ligament

A
  • is a strong triangular band, extending between the coracoid process and the acromion.
  • It is attached to the acromion just in front of the articular surface for the clavicle; and to the lateral border of the coracoid process
  • runs superfically over the supraspinatus
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6
Q

coracoclavicular ligament

A
  • coracoclavicular ligament serves to connect the clavicle with the coracoid process of the scapula.
  • forms a efficient means of retaining the clavicle in contact with the acromion.
  • runs superficially over the supraspinatus
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7
Q

glenohumeral joint

A
  • a ball and socket joint between the scapula and the humerus.
  • It is the major joint connecting the upper limb to the trunk.
  • it is one of the most mobile joints in the human body, at the cost of joint stability.
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8
Q

articular capsule of glenohumeral joint

A
  • sac enclosing a joint, formed by an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane. joint capsule.
  • so this is the joint capsule of the shoulder joint, it completely surrounds the joint
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9
Q

glenoid labrum

A

is a fibrocartilaginous structure rim attached around the margin of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder blade

  • it is a ring of tissue surrounding the glenoid fossa
  • Expands the depth of the glenoid fossa by approximately 50 percent to allow for increased motion
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10
Q

scapulothoracic joint

A
  • not a true articulation. It is considered a functional joint between the scapula and the thoracic wall.
  • is formed by the convex surface of the posterior thoracic cage and the concave surface of the anterior scapula.
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11
Q

trapezius

A
  • function is to stabilize and move the scapula
  • a large superficial back muscle that resembles a trapezoid. It extends from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula

Action:
Superior fibers: Elevate and superiorly rotate scapula
Middle fibers: Retract scapula
Inferior fibers: Depress scapula

innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI)

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12
Q

rhomboid major

A
  • is larger and inferior to the rhomboid minor

Action: Elevates, retracts, and inferiorly rotates scapula

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

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13
Q

rhomboid minor

A

is thinner and located between the rhomboid major and the levator scapulae

Action: Elevates, retracts and inferiorly rotates scapula

Insertion: Superior medial border of scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

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14
Q

levator scapulae

A

is the most superior of rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, and levator scapulae.

Action: Elevates and inferiorly rotates scapula

Insertion: Superior medial border of scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

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15
Q

pectoralis minor

A
  • only acts on the scapulothoracic joint
  • smaller and deep to pectoralis major

Action: Protracts and depresses scapula

insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve

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16
Q

serratus anterior

A
  • on the anterior aspect of the scapula running from the thoracic wall to the medial border of the scapula

Action: Protracts and superiorly rotates scapula; stabilizes scapula

insertion: Anterior medial border of scapula

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

17
Q

subclavius

A
  • this is just inferior to the scapula

Action: Stabilizes and depresses clavicle

Innervation: Nerve to subclavius

18
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A
  • just inferior to teres major
  • fans out over the back region, with fibers merging near its insertion at the intertubercular groove of the humerus
  • runs to insert on the anterior aspect of the humerus. (This is important to appreciate to understand how it contribute to internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint)

Action: Extends, adducts & medially rotates GH joint (“swimmer’s muscle”)

insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve

19
Q

pectoralis major

A
  • larger and superficial to pectoralis minor
  • acts on the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints

Action: Arm flexion; adducts and medially rotates GH joint

insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation: Lateral pectoral and medial pectoral nerves

20
Q

deltoid

A
  • on the lateral aspect of the shoulder.
  • This muscle wraps around the shoulder superiorly and comes together at a common insertion point on the humerus
  • the orientation of the fibers changes as it wraps around the shoulder from anterior to posterior. This is why the functions of the posterior, middle, and anterior fibers of the deltoid differ from each other.

Action:

  • Anterior fibers: Flex and medially rotate GH joint
  • Middle fibers: GH abduction
  • Posterior fibers: Extend and laterally rotate GH Joint

insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Innervation: Axillary nerve

21
Q

coracobrachialis

A
  • is normally pierced by the musculocutaneous nerve in the middle portion of the muscle belly

Action: Adducts and flexes GH joint

Origin: Coracoid process

insertion: Middle medial shaft of humerus

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

22
Q

teres major

A
  • just inferior to teres minor
  • runs to insert on the anterior aspect of the humerus. (This is important to appreciate to understand how it contribute to internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint)

Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates GH joint

Origin:Inferior lateral border and inferior angle of scapula

insertion: Lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve

23
Q

triceps brachii as it acts on the Glenohumeral Joint

A

The long head is superficial and in the middle, and this is the only portion of the triceps brachii that crosses the glenohumeral joint

Action: Extends and adducts GH joint

Origin:Infraglenoid tubercle

insertion: Olecranon process

Innervation: Radial nerve

24
Q

biceps brachii as it acts on the Glenohumeral Joint

A

This muscle has two heads.
- this is just medial to the Brachialis

Action: Flexes GH joint

Origin:
long head: Supraglenoid tubercle
short head: coracoid process of the scapula

insertion: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

25
Q

subscapularis

A
  • On the anterior aspect of the scapula
  • sits in the subscapular fossa

Action: Medially rotates GH joint,
Stabilizes the GH joint

Origin:Subscapular fossa

insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves

26
Q

supraspinatus

A
  • in the supraspinous fossa, just superior to the scapular spine
  • located on the posterior aspect of the scapula

Action: Abducts GH joint, Stabilizes the GH joint

Origin:Supraspinous fossa

insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

27
Q

infraspinatus

A
  • Inferior to the scapular spine in the infraspinous fossa
  • located on the posterior aspect of the scapula

Action: Adducts & laterally rotates GH joint,
Stabilize the GH joint

Origin:Infraspinous fossa

insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

28
Q

teres minor

A
  • Just inferior to the infraspinatus
  • located on the posterior aspect of the scapula

Action: Adducts & laterally rotates GH joint,
Stabilize the GH joint

Origin:Superior lateral border of scapula

insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: Axillary nerve

29
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles

A

subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

The teres minor, infraspinatus, and supraspinatus are all located on the posterior aspect of the scapula. They all insert onto the greater tubercle of the humerus.

the subscapularis sits on the anterior aspect of the scapula, and it sits in the subscapular fossa

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

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