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Anatomy Lab > Oral Cavity/Nasal Cavity/Pharynx/Larynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity/Nasal Cavity/Pharynx/Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

oral vestibule

A

this is the portion of the oral cavity between the teeth and the lips

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2
Q

oral cavity proper

A

this is the portion of the oral cavity between the teeth and the pharynx
- this is where the tongue is located

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3
Q

palate

A

this is the roof of the oral cavity

- contains a hard palate and a soft palate

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4
Q

hard palate

A
  • this is the anterior portion and this is formed by the maxilla and the palatine bone
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5
Q

soft palate

A
  • the posterior portion of the palate
  • this is composed of skeletal muscle
  • the posterior portion forms the uvula
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6
Q

uvula

A

this is a portion of the soft palate and this closes off the entrance from the oropharynx to the nasopharynx during swallowing

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7
Q

palatoglossal arch

A
  • this is one of two arches that opens the oral cavity into the oropharynx
  • this one is formed by the palatoglossus muscle and the membrane covereing it
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8
Q

palatopharyngeal arch

A
  • this is one of two arches that opens the oral cavity into the oropharynx
  • formed by the palatopharyngeus muscle and the membrane covering it
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9
Q

palatine tonsils

A

these are located between the two arches

-these are aggregations of lymphatic tissue that trap foreign antigens entering the body via the mouth

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10
Q

tongue

A
  • this is composed of several different intrinsic muscles
  • this is important or mechanical digestion of food and sound production
  • also has extrinsic muscles that are acting on it as well
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11
Q

styloglossus

A

this is an extrinsic muscle of the tongue

-originates at the styloid process of the temporal bone

retracts and elevates the tongue

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12
Q

genioglossus

A

this is an extrinsic muscle of the tongue

  • this originates under the chin

this protracts the tongue

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13
Q

hyoglossus

A

this is an extrinsic muscle of the tongue

  • this originates on the hyoid bone

this is going to retract and depress the tongue

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14
Q

temporalis muscle

A

this is a muscle of mastication

runs from the temporal bone to the coronoid process of the mandible.

It elevates and retracts the mandible

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15
Q

masseter

A

this is a muscle of mastication

originates on the zygomatic arch and inserts on the mandible.

It is the prime mover of elevation of the mandible (clenching the teeth), and it also protracts the mandible

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16
Q

lateral and medial pterygoids

A

these are muscles of mastication

these are deep in the skull compared to the masseter

  • originate on the sphenoid bone and insert onto the mandible. They protract the mandible and to move it side to side, as we do when we grind our food between our back teeth when chewing.
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17
Q

what nerve innervated the muscles of mastication

A

trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

parotid gland

A

the largest salivary gland

located in the posterior cheek region, just anterior to the ear

innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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19
Q

parotid duct

A
  • this is what transports salvia from the parotid gland to the oral cavity
  • this pierces the buccinator muscle and enters the oral cavity

innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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20
Q

submandibular glands

A

sit just inferior to the body of the mandible on each side

they produce the majority (60-70%) of our saliva

  • innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)
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21
Q

submandibular ducts

A

these carry saliva from the submandibular gland to the floor of the mouth

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22
Q

sublingual glands

A

these are smaller sit just inferior to the tongue and anterior to the submandibular glands

  • they secrete saliva into the flood of the oral cavity
  • innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)
23
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

This joint is the articulation between the condyle of the mandible and the temporal bone. This hinge joint allows us to open and close our mouths.

24
Q

nasal bones

A

these form the bridge of the nose more superiorly and posteriorly

25
Q

nasal septum

A
  • this divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves
  • this is partially formed by bone and partially formed by cartilage
  • the bones that form it are the vomer and ethmoid
26
Q

Nasal conchae

A

condition the air that enters through the nasal cavity. They cause the air to swirl, and the membranes that cover them help to warm and moisten the air before it travels further down the respiratory tract.

27
Q

superior and middle nasal conchae

A

part of the ethmoid bone

28
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A

this makes its own bone

29
Q

meatus

A

this space below each conchae

30
Q

frontal sinuses

A

sit just superior to the orbits’ medial aspect

31
Q

maxillary sinuses

A

sit just lateral to the nose

32
Q

ethmoid air cells

A

many small sinuses sitting just superior to the nasal cavity in the ethmoid bone

33
Q

sphenoid sinus

A

sits just superior to the nasopharynx

34
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A

specialized region of tissue lining

  • this is at the superior aspect of the nasal cavity
  • this contains a mucus layer that traps particles
  • contains olfactory receptor cells
  • contains olfactory hairs
35
Q

nasopharynx

A

Portion of the pharynx posterior to the nasal cavity

  • this is where the auditory tube opens into to allow for equalization of pressure in the middle ear
36
Q

oropharynx

A

Portion of the pharynx posterior to the oral cavity

37
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Portion of the pharynx posterior to the larynx.

38
Q

superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

A
  • these are skeletal muscles
  • contract sequentially during the swallowing process to move food towards the esophagus. It can be difficult to define each visually, so we will refer to them together as the pharyngeal constrictors
  • these are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)
39
Q

piriform recess

A

This region is located within the laryngopharynx on either side of the entrance into the pharynx.

It is a common place for food to become trapped while swallowing.

40
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

the largest laryngeal cartilage and is only located anteriorly and laterally. It does not form a complete ring around the larynx

41
Q

laryngeal prominence

A

this is on the thyroid cartilage protrudes anteriorly, forming our Adam’s apple

42
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

inferior to the thyroid cartilage

- this is thin anteriorly and taller posteriorly

43
Q

Epiglottis

A

the spoon-shaped flap of cartilage that folds over the opening to the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

44
Q

arytenoid cartilages

A

small, L-shaped cartilages involved in sound production. The vocal cords are attached to the thyroid cartilage anteriorly and the ends of the arytenoid cartilages posteriorly

almost completely surrounded in muscle

45
Q

cricothyroid muscle

A

runs from the cricoid to the thyroid cartilages

46
Q

vestibular fold

A

this is the false vocal fold

- this is more superior

47
Q

true vocal fold

A

these are inferior to the vestibular fold

48
Q

transverse arytenoid muscle

A

runs horizontally between the right and left arytenoids

49
Q

oblique arytenoid muscles

A

form an “X” shape on top of the transverse arytenoid muscle

50
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

A

run from the cricoid to the arytenoid cartilages

you see these in the posterior view and they are located bilaterally inferior to the transverse and oblique arytenoid cartilages

51
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A
  • branch of the vagus nerve innervates most muscles of the larynx.
  • This nerve is vulnerable because it travels down into the thorax near the heart (even wrapping around the arch of the aorta on the left) before it travels back up to the larynx.
52
Q

olfactory bulb

A

receive information about smells from the nose and send it to the brain by way of the olfactory tracts

53
Q

olfactory tracts

A

tracts a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the olfactory bulb with olfactory nuclei and the olfactory cortex

  • this travels to the primary olfactory cortex of the brain
  • this is not part of CN I
  • the axons travel posteriorly away from the olfactory bulb
54
Q

alar cartilage

A

this along with the lateral cartilage is the most anterior portion of the nose

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

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