Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Lab > Posterior lower extremity and Hip > Flashcards

Posterior lower extremity and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

sacroiliac joint

A
  • the joint between the sacrum and ilium
  • It is a highly-stable joint capable of only a small amount of gliding movement.
  • This is where the lower extremity meets the spinal column
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pubic symphysis

A

is located between the right and left pubic bones. There is a thick fibrocartilaginous disc between the two pelvic bones at this location.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

coxal hip joint

A
  • contains the acetabulum
  • contains the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments
  • also contains the ligamentum teres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ligamentum teres

A
  • this is the ligament to the head of the femur

- contains the artery to the head of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gluteus maximus

A

largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles
- this Extends, laterally rotates, and abducts the hip
- inserts onto the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of femur
innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gluteus medius

A
  • this is just deep to the gluteus maximus
  • this Abducts and medially rotates hip
  • this inserts at the Greater trochanter of femur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gluteus minimus

A

this is the deepest and smallest of the gluteal muscles

  • this Abducts and medially rotates hip
  • this inserts at the Greater trochanter of femur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

piriformis

A

an important lateral rotator of the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hamstring muscles

A
  • what the muscles of the posterior thigh are collectively called
  • they originate at the ischial tuberosity
  • they travel to the medial aspect of the knee
  • made of the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus, and the long head of the biceps formis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

semitendinosus

A
  • a thinner muscle belly and a longer tendon than the semimembranosus
  • It sits just superficial to the semimembranosus
  • the long tendon at the inferior side wraps around the knee on the medial side
  • extends the hip
  • rotates the knee medially
  • flexes the knee
  • origin: ischial tuberosity
  • insertion: pes anserine insertion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

semimembranosus

A
  • this has a thicker muscle belly and a shorter tendon than the semitendinosus
  • this is more medial and deep than the semitendinosus
  • extends the hip
  • rotates the knee medially
  • flexes the knee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

biceps femoris

A
  • has two heads
  • the long head and the short head
  • the long head is superficial to the long head
  • the two heads merge together and insert onto the head of the fibula together
  • lateral to the semimembranosis and the semitendinosis
  • both cause lateral rotation of the knee and flexion of the knee
  • the long head causes hip extension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the long head of the biceps femoris

A
  • this orginates on the ischial tuberosity
  • insert onto the fibular head after merging with the short head to form a common tendon
  • extends the hip
  • works with the short head to flex, and laterally rotate the knee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

short head of the biceps femoris

A
  • this originates on the linea aspera
  • insert onto the fibular head after merging with the long head to form a common tendon
  • causes lateral knee roation
  • causes hip flexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is part of the gluteal region

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • piriformis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gastrocnemius

A
  • the most superficial posterior leg muscle
  • aids in knee flexion
  • it is the primary plantarflexar of the foot
  • it’s tendon merges with the soleus’ tendon to insert on the calcaneus bone of the foot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

soleus

A
  • sits deep to the gastrocnemius
  • inserts on the calcaneus in the calcaneal tendon
  • innervated by the tibial nerve
  • plantarflexion of the ankle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

calcaneal tendon

A
  • the achilles tendon
  • this is where the gastrocnemius and the soleus tendons merge
  • this inserts onto the calcaneus bone of the foot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

plantaris

A

a small muscle with a tiny muscle belly deep to the gastrocnemius

  • not present in all individuals
  • this is going across the posterior knee
  • has a long thin tendon that travels inferiorly to insert on the calcaneus
  • weak knee flexor and weak ankle plantarflexor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

superficial posterior compartment of the leg

A
  • this includes the gastrocenemius, soleus, the calcaneal tendon and the plantaris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

deep posterior compartment of the leg

A
  • four muscles:
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • popliteus
  • *these are all innervated by the tibial nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tibialis posterior

A

this runs along the posterior aspect of the tibia

  • this is lateral to flexor digitorum longus and medial to flexor hallucis longus
  • its tendon crosses under flexor digitorum longus meaning that it crosses the medial malleolus the most anterior
  • plantarflexion of the ankle and inverts the ankle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A
  • these are the tendons that extend to the 2-5 digits
  • this is the most medial of the three muscles in this layer and its tendon passes the medial malleolus in the middle of the other two tendons
  • plantarflexion and weak inversion of the ankle
  • flexes the MTP, PIP, and the DIP joints in the toes
24
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A
  • its tendon wraps around the medial aspect of the ankle before it reaches the distal great toe
  • its tendon wraps around the medial malleolus the most posterior of three
  • long path gives the muscle a mechanical advantage and makes it a powerful flexor of the first digit
  • plantarflexion and weak inversion of the ankle
25
Q

what is Tom, Dick, AN Harry important for

A

The muscles Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, and flexor Hallucis longus usually travel in a specific order around the medial malleolus

  • the AN stands for posterior tibial Artery and tibial Nerve
  • the tibialis posterior is the most anterior/superior and the flexor hallucis is the most posterior/inferior
26
Q

popliteus

A
  • difficult to see on the tissue
    -It sits on the superior aspect of the tibia and crosses the knee joint
  • It functions to medially rotate the tibia and “unlock” the knee from full extension in the first few degrees of flexion.
  • knee flexion
    innervated by tibial nerve
27
Q

intrinsic foot muscles

A

muscles that act on the foot and are entirely located within the foot

28
Q

plantar fascia

A
  • This thick layer of fascia is superficial to the muscles of the plantar aspect of the foot
  • attaches to the calcaneus in anatomical position
29
Q

Plantar muscles layer 1

A
  • flexor digitorum brevis
  • abductor hallucis
  • abductor digiti minimi
30
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

the muscle deep to the plantar fascia and flexes digits 2-4
-this is in the middle of the plantar aspect of the foot and has a big muscle body that then has tendond that branch out to the digits

31
Q

abductor hallucis

A

the large muscle on the medial aspect of the great toe

  • it abducts the great toe
  • innervated by the medial plantar nerve
32
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

located on the lateral aspect of the 5th digit

  • abducts the 5th digit
  • innervated by the lateral plantar nerve
33
Q

Plantar muscles layer 2

A

muscles of this layer attach to the tendon of flexor digitorum longus

  • Quadratus plantae
  • lumbricals
34
Q

Quadratus plantae

A
  • this runs from the calcaneus to the tendons of flexor digitorum longus
  • adjusts the angle of pull on these tendons
  • aligns these tendons so that the toes flex within the sagittal plane
35
Q

lumbricals

A
  • insert on to the flexor digitorum longus tendons
  • in between the different branches of that tendon
  • flex the MP and extend the PIP and DIP joints
  • the first lumbircal is innervated by the medial plantar nerve but the rest are innervated by the lateral plantar nerve
36
Q

Plantar muscles Layer 3

A
  • adductor hallucis
  • flexor hallucis brevis
  • flexor digiti minimi
37
Q

adductor hallucis

A
  • 7 shaped
  • has transverse and oblique heads
  • adducts the great toe
38
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

flexes the great toe

  • lives completely within the foot
  • lies along the medial side of the plantar aspect
39
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

flexes the fifth digit

  • lives completely in the foot
  • lies along the lateral side of the planter aspect
  • a small muscle that is medial to the abductor digiti minimi
40
Q

plantar muscles layer 4

A
  • the deepest layer of muscles on the plantar aspect of the foot
  • dorsal interossei
  • plantar interossei
41
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Abduct the toes

  • the bellies of these muscles are on the outside of the toes (between the metatarsal bones)
  • these can be seen from the plantar side and the dorsal aspect of the foot
42
Q

Plantar interossei

A

Adduct the toes

  • appear to only be on toes 3-5 and are on the medial side of the meditarsal
  • can be seen from the plantar side of the foot
43
Q

what is DAB and PAD

A

this is a pnemonic to help remeber that the Dorsal interossei ABduct the toes and the plantar interossei ADDuct the toes

44
Q

what innervates the gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

45
Q

what innervates the gluteus medius

A

the superior gluteal nerve

46
Q

what innervates the gluteus minimus

A

the superior gluteal nerve

47
Q

what are the lateral rotators of the hip

A 
piriformis
Quadratus Femoris
Superior Gemellus
Inferior Gemellus
Obturator Internus
Obturator Externus
48
Q

what innervates the posterior thigh muscles

A
  • the tibial division of the sciatic nerve innervates long head, the semimembranosis, and the semitendinosis
  • the short head is innervated by the common fibular nerve
49
Q

what does the long head of the biceps femoris do

A
  • this extends the hip
  • flexes and laterally rotates the knee
  • inserts at the head of the fibula
  • originates at the ischial tuberosity
50
Q

what does the short head of the biceps femoris do

A
  • flexes and laterally rotates knee
  • originates at the linea aspera
  • inserts on the head of the fibula
51
Q

what do the semimembranosis and the semitendinosus do?

A
  • they Extend the hip and flexes knee; medially rotates knee

- they originate at the ischial tuberosity

52
Q

where does the semitendinosis insert

A

pes anserine insertion

53
Q

the gastrocnumius, soleus, and the plantaris are innervated by what

A

the tibial nerve

54
Q

what does the medial plantar nerve innervate

A
  • abductor hallucis
  • flexor hallicus brevis
  • flexor digitorum brevis
  • 1st lumbrical
55
Q

what does the lateral plantar nerve innervate

A
  • the adductor hallicus (7 muscle)
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • dorsal interossei
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • quadratus plantae
  • 2nd- 4th lumbricals

Anatomy Lab (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions