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Disease and Defense > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

______ period: No virus detectable inside or outside of cells (0-12 hours)

A

Eclipse

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2
Q

______ period: time from initiation of infection to release of new infectious particles from cells

A

Latent

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3
Q

______ viruses: hardier, can dry out, low pH, detergents, and high temperature

A

Naked

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4
Q

_______ viruses are more sensitive: susceptible to pH and environmental stressors; better transmitted by close contact

A

Enveloped

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5
Q

_______: continue to produce new virus over a long period of time

A

Persistent

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6
Q

_______: point mutations and genome shuffling to allow viruses to become unrecognizable to specific immune receptors

A

Antigenic variation

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7
Q

_______: virus genome is relatively silent, not replicating

A

Latent

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8
Q

_____: a virus is more likely to infect certain tissues and not others

A

Tropism

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9
Q

_____: virus proteins that resemble host proteins to escape recognition

A

molecular mimicry

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10
Q

____: mouse monoclonal antibody that is monoclonal anti-RSV

A

Palavisumab

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11
Q

Acute Local or Systemic? IgA and IgM antibodies produced

A

Systemic

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12
Q

Acute Local or Systemic? IgA antibody produced

A

Local

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13
Q

Acute Local or Systemic? Long duration of immunity

A

Systemic

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14
Q

Acute Local or Systemic? Primary or secondary viremia

A

Systemic

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15
Q

Acute Local or Systemic? Symptoms seen only at entry epithelium

A

Local

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16
Q

All RNA viruses have _______ that produces mRNA and replicates host genomes

A

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)

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17
Q

Antigenic ______: acquisition of a completely new gene segment

A

Shift

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18
Q

Antigenic _____: gradual change in a virus that occurs through a slow series of mutations, substitution, or deletions

A

Drift

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19
Q

Cells targeted for infection in CMV

A

Epithelia, monocytes, lymphocytes, others

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20
Q

Cells targeted for infection in HSV-1 and HSV-2

A

Mucosal epithelium

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21
Q

Cells targeted for infection in VZV

A

Mucosal epithelium

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22
Q

CMV incubation

A

2 weeks to 2 months

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23
Q

CMV is a ____ (genome) virus.

A

dsDNA

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24
Q

CMV Serology: IgM(-), IgG(-)

A

Never Infected

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25
Q

CMV Serology: IgM(-), IgG(+)

A

Previously Infected

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26
Q

CMV Serology: IgM(+), IgG(-)

A

Primary CMV infection

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27
Q

CMV Serology: IgM(+), IgG(+)

A

Recent CMV Activation

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28
Q

CMV transmission

A

Contact, blood transfusions, transplantations

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29
Q

Ebola is a ____ (genome) virus.

A

ssRNA

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30
Q

Ebola: _____: assembly, budding, nucleocapsid assembly, and immune defense

A

Matrix Protein VP24

31
Q

Ebola: _____: main part of virion/matrix, important for structure, stability, assembly, and budding

A

Matrix Protein VP40

32
Q

Flat and rose colored then mature into a vesicle on an erythematous base (dew drop on a rose petal)

A

Varicella

33
Q

Herpesvirus Replication: ____ genes encode structural proteins: capsid and glycoproteins

A

Late

34
Q

Herpesvirus Replication: _____ genes expressed first, many are transcription factors

A

Immediate Early

35
Q

Herpesvirus Replication: ______ genes encode proteins for DNA replication: polymerase, thymidine kinase, helicase, etc.

A

Early

36
Q

HSV infection: cold sores, typically 1-2 per recurrence, heal without treatment in a few days

A

Herpes labialis

37
Q

HSV infection: erythema, swelling, and grouped vesicles that evolve into pustules with cloudy fluid; entry into skin via cut or abrasion

A

Herpetic Whitlow

38
Q

HSV infection: infection of cornea; one of the leading causes of blindness

A

Herpes Keratitis

39
Q

HSV infection: most serious type of infection associated with HSV

A

Encephalitis

40
Q

HSV infection: painful vesicles and ulcers in genital and perianal regions

A

Genital Herpes

41
Q

HSV infection: ulceration of gums, lips, and tongue in anterior part of mouth

A

Gingivostomatitis

42
Q

HSV-1 is a ____ (genome) virus.

A

dsDNA

43
Q

HSV-1: most common primary infection

A

Gingivostomatitis

44
Q

HSV-1: most common secondary infection

A

Herpes labialis

45
Q

HSV-2 is a ____ (genome) virus.

A

dsDNA

46
Q

HSV-2 most common primary infection

A

Genital Herpes

47
Q

HSV-2: most common secondary infection

A

Genital Herpes

48
Q

Induces massive cytokine storm: destroys vascular endothelium, can induce DIC

A

Ebola

49
Q

Infects epithelial cells of salivary gland or genital tract, followed by likely viremia that causes distribution to other organs and tissues

A

CMV

50
Q

Influenza has two main important surface proteins

A

Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase

51
Q

Influenza Transmission

A

Respiratory Route primarily; also contact with fomites

52
Q

Influenza Type ___: mild or clinically insignificant illness

A

C

53
Q

Influenza Type ___: Can infect other animals, cause of epidemics and pandemics

A

A

54
Q

Influenza Type ___: Only infect humans, can cause epidemics

A

B

55
Q

Inlfuenza is a ____ (genome) virus.

A

Segmented ssRNA

56
Q

Mononucleosis-like illness with fever, swollen nodes, and mild hepatitis

A

CMV

57
Q

Most common HSV-1 and HSV-2 presentation

A

asymptomatic

58
Q

Occurs worldwide in the winter and spring with a 40-60% attack rate in children <2

A

RSV

59
Q

Produces a dermatome-distributed rash causing inflammation and necrosis of cells in the ganglion

A

Zoster

60
Q

Replication strategy: replication in nucleus with dsDNA intermediate for synthesis of a single stranded genomic DNA

A

ssDNA

61
Q

Replication strategy: transcription and genome replication using anti-genome as template; replication performed by RdRp

A

ssRNA

62
Q

Replication strategy: virally encoded reverse transcriptase copies genome from mRNAs transcribed from the template genome

A

Gapped dsDNA

63
Q

RSV is a ____ (genome) virus.

A

ssRNA

64
Q

RSV: _____: fusion of viral envelope to host cell, fusion of membranes of infected cells to each other to cause syncytia

A

F protein

65
Q

RSV: _____: initial binding of virus to the host cell

A

G protein

66
Q

Site of latency for HSV

A

Sensory Ganglion

67
Q

Site of latency for VZV

A

Cerebral or dorsal root ganglia

68
Q

The ___ strand can be translated into protein.

A

(+)

69
Q

Varicella Vaccine

A

Live attenuated virus for children in a 2-dose series

70
Q

VZV Complications (6)

A

Secondary Infection/Celulitis, Pneumonia, Necrotizing Fasciitis, Encephalitis, Hepatitis, Congenital Syndrome

71
Q

VZV is a ____ (genome) virus.

A

dsDNA

72
Q

VZV Transmission and Incubation

A

Respiratory Route; 10-21 days

73
Q

Zoster Vaccine

A

Live attenuated vaccine for individuals >50

Disease and Defense (16 decks)

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