Viruses Flashcards
______ period: No virus detectable inside or outside of cells (0-12 hours)
Eclipse
______ period: time from initiation of infection to release of new infectious particles from cells
Latent
______ viruses: hardier, can dry out, low pH, detergents, and high temperature
Naked
_______ viruses are more sensitive: susceptible to pH and environmental stressors; better transmitted by close contact
Enveloped
_______: continue to produce new virus over a long period of time
Persistent
_______: point mutations and genome shuffling to allow viruses to become unrecognizable to specific immune receptors
Antigenic variation
_______: virus genome is relatively silent, not replicating
Latent
_____: a virus is more likely to infect certain tissues and not others
Tropism
_____: virus proteins that resemble host proteins to escape recognition
molecular mimicry
____: mouse monoclonal antibody that is monoclonal anti-RSV
Palavisumab
Acute Local or Systemic? IgA and IgM antibodies produced
Systemic
Acute Local or Systemic? IgA antibody produced
Local
Acute Local or Systemic? Long duration of immunity
Systemic
Acute Local or Systemic? Primary or secondary viremia
Systemic
Acute Local or Systemic? Symptoms seen only at entry epithelium
Local
All RNA viruses have _______ that produces mRNA and replicates host genomes
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)
Antigenic ______: acquisition of a completely new gene segment
Shift
Antigenic _____: gradual change in a virus that occurs through a slow series of mutations, substitution, or deletions
Drift
Cells targeted for infection in CMV
Epithelia, monocytes, lymphocytes, others
Cells targeted for infection in HSV-1 and HSV-2
Mucosal epithelium
Cells targeted for infection in VZV
Mucosal epithelium
CMV incubation
2 weeks to 2 months
CMV is a ____ (genome) virus.
dsDNA
CMV Serology: IgM(-), IgG(-)
Never Infected
CMV Serology: IgM(-), IgG(+)
Previously Infected
CMV Serology: IgM(+), IgG(-)
Primary CMV infection
CMV Serology: IgM(+), IgG(+)
Recent CMV Activation
CMV transmission
Contact, blood transfusions, transplantations
Ebola is a ____ (genome) virus.
ssRNA
Ebola: _____: assembly, budding, nucleocapsid assembly, and immune defense
Matrix Protein VP24
Ebola: _____: main part of virion/matrix, important for structure, stability, assembly, and budding
Matrix Protein VP40
Flat and rose colored then mature into a vesicle on an erythematous base (dew drop on a rose petal)
Varicella
Herpesvirus Replication: ____ genes encode structural proteins: capsid and glycoproteins
Late
Herpesvirus Replication: _____ genes expressed first, many are transcription factors
Immediate Early
Herpesvirus Replication: ______ genes encode proteins for DNA replication: polymerase, thymidine kinase, helicase, etc.
Early
HSV infection: cold sores, typically 1-2 per recurrence, heal without treatment in a few days
Herpes labialis
HSV infection: erythema, swelling, and grouped vesicles that evolve into pustules with cloudy fluid; entry into skin via cut or abrasion
Herpetic Whitlow
HSV infection: infection of cornea; one of the leading causes of blindness
Herpes Keratitis
HSV infection: most serious type of infection associated with HSV
Encephalitis
HSV infection: painful vesicles and ulcers in genital and perianal regions
Genital Herpes
HSV infection: ulceration of gums, lips, and tongue in anterior part of mouth
Gingivostomatitis
HSV-1 is a ____ (genome) virus.
dsDNA
HSV-1: most common primary infection
Gingivostomatitis
HSV-1: most common secondary infection
Herpes labialis
HSV-2 is a ____ (genome) virus.
dsDNA
HSV-2 most common primary infection
Genital Herpes
HSV-2: most common secondary infection
Genital Herpes
Induces massive cytokine storm: destroys vascular endothelium, can induce DIC
Ebola
Infects epithelial cells of salivary gland or genital tract, followed by likely viremia that causes distribution to other organs and tissues
CMV
Influenza has two main important surface proteins
Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase
Influenza Transmission
Respiratory Route primarily; also contact with fomites
Influenza Type ___: mild or clinically insignificant illness
C
Influenza Type ___: Can infect other animals, cause of epidemics and pandemics
A
Influenza Type ___: Only infect humans, can cause epidemics
B
Inlfuenza is a ____ (genome) virus.
Segmented ssRNA
Mononucleosis-like illness with fever, swollen nodes, and mild hepatitis
CMV
Most common HSV-1 and HSV-2 presentation
asymptomatic
Occurs worldwide in the winter and spring with a 40-60% attack rate in children <2
RSV
Produces a dermatome-distributed rash causing inflammation and necrosis of cells in the ganglion
Zoster
Replication strategy: replication in nucleus with dsDNA intermediate for synthesis of a single stranded genomic DNA
ssDNA
Replication strategy: transcription and genome replication using anti-genome as template; replication performed by RdRp
ssRNA
Replication strategy: virally encoded reverse transcriptase copies genome from mRNAs transcribed from the template genome
Gapped dsDNA
RSV is a ____ (genome) virus.
ssRNA
RSV: _____: fusion of viral envelope to host cell, fusion of membranes of infected cells to each other to cause syncytia
F protein
RSV: _____: initial binding of virus to the host cell
G protein
Site of latency for HSV
Sensory Ganglion
Site of latency for VZV
Cerebral or dorsal root ganglia
The ___ strand can be translated into protein.
(+)
Varicella Vaccine
Live attenuated virus for children in a 2-dose series
VZV Complications (6)
Secondary Infection/Celulitis, Pneumonia, Necrotizing Fasciitis, Encephalitis, Hepatitis, Congenital Syndrome
VZV is a ____ (genome) virus.
dsDNA
VZV Transmission and Incubation
Respiratory Route; 10-21 days
Zoster Vaccine
Live attenuated vaccine for individuals >50
