Skin Neoplasms Flashcards
_____ (sex) are ____ times as likely to get basal cell carcinoma and _____ times as likely to get squamous cell carcinoma
Men; 2; 3
_____ in an inhibitor of Smoothened used to treat _______
Vismodegib; Basal cell carcinoma
_____ is an inhibitor of BRAF used to treat _______
Vemurafinib; melanoma
______ nevi: dermal epidermal junction above the basement membrane zone of the epidermis
Junctional
______ nevi: exclusively in the dermis
Intradermal
______ nevi: irregular outline, variable pigmentation, indistinct borders, can be enlarged
Dysplastic
______ nevi: melanocytes in dermal epidermal junction and within the dermis
Compound
_______ Kaposi’s sarcoma: aggressive form in equatorial Africa, affects young men, rapidly fatal
lymphadenopathic
_______ Kaposi’s sarcoma: elderly men of Eastern European descent
Classic
_____: describes the degree of penetration into the skin in terms of physiologic levels
Clark level
____: measurement of thickness in millimeters
Breslow depth
Basal cell carcinoma results from a loss of function mutation in ______ with normally blocks ______.
PTCH1 (Patch 1); Smoothened (SMO)
Endothelial cell neoplasms
Cherry angioma, hemangioma, port wine stain
Fibroblast neoplasms
Dermatofibroma
Melanocyte neoplasms (4)
Nevi, ephelides (freckles), lentigo, Café au lait macule
Melanoma distribution for blacks, women, and men
Acral and mucosa; legs; back
Melanoma results from mutations most commonly in _____ (50%) or _____ (20%)
BRAF; NRAS
Most common malignancy in the US
Basal cell carcinoma
Most important prognostic indicator in melanoma: ______
Breslow depth
Sebacous gland neoplasms
Sebaceous hyperplasia, nevus sebaceous
Smoking is a risk factor for _______ only
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Subtypes of Basal Cell Carcinoma (4)
Nodular, Superficial, Infiltrative, Sclerosing
Subtypes of Melanoma (4)
Superficial spreading, Nodular; Lentigo Maligna; Acral lentiginous
Subtypes of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (3)
Keratoacanthoma, infiltrative, in situ
What pathology? Benign: most common on chest and back, also scalp, face, neck and extremities; papillary epidermal hyperplasia with proliferation of basal layer cells
Seborrheic keratoses
What pathology? benign: primary truncal bright red smooth-topped papules
Cherry Angioma
What pathology? Benign: yellow-white papule with central dell, distribution: face > trunk > extremities
Sebaceous hyperplasia
What pathology? brown, firm papules most commonly on legs of adults, dimple sign of downward movement of tumor upon pinching
Dermatofibroma
What pathology? dermal proliferation of capillary-sized endothelial cell-lined vessels, cells stain with placenta associated markers
Infantile Hemangioma
What pathology? hamartoma that is a yellow-orange linear plaque with rapid growth at puberty
Nevus sebaceous
What pathology? hyperkeratotic papule with variable size and thickness, typically found on chronically sun-damaged skin, metastasis most common in the lip
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What pathology? Malignant: flat, firm, pale areas or small raised pink/red translucent shiny waxy areas that may bleed after minor injury
Basal cell carcinoma
What pathology? Malignant: nodule with central keratin plug
Keratoacanthoma
What pathology? Most common benign tumor of childhood, vascular proliferations
Infantile Hemangioma
What pathology? Most common premalignant lesion, hyperkeratosis and erythematous papules, risk for ________
Actinic keratoses; Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What pathology? oval, slightly raised, light brown to black papules or plaques
Seborrheic keratoses
What pathology? skin tag in areas of skin rubbing
Acrochordons
What pathology? vascular malformations that do not resolve spontaneously
Port Wine Stain
