Tissue Repair and Hemodynamics Flashcards
_______ dominates acute DIC; ________ dominates chronic DIC
Bleeding; thrombus
_______ hydrostatic pressure and/or _______ oncotic pressure can cause net leakage of fluid out of the circulation and into the tissues
increased; decreased
_______ pressure drives fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space at the arterial end
Hydrostatic
_______ pressure: increased plasma protein concentration due to fluid leaving the vessel causes fluid to be pulled back into the vessel at the venous end
Oncotic
_______ stimulates contraction of the gall bladder
Cholecystekinin (CCK)
A _____ (normal/cirrhotic) liver appears brown and spongy
normal
A ______ occurs when a scar crosses a joint
contracture
A ______ scar is raised beyond boundary of wound and may contract over time
hypertrophic
A ______ scar is raised beyond boundary of wound and may contract over time
keloid
A _______ is characterized by aggressive fibromatoses and benign neoplasm
Desmoid tumor
A free floating, intravascular mass of a solid, liquid, or gas
Embolus
Active increase in blood flow due to arteriolar dilation
Hyperemia
Arteriolar dilation leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)
increased hydrostatic pressure
Blood clot in a vessel that obstructs flow that is attached focally
Thrombus
Endothelial neo-vascularization and fibroblast proliferation are characteristic of ______ repair phase.
Infrastructure
Extravasation of fluid into spaces
Effusion
Extravasation of fluid into tissues
Edema
Failure of heart to pump an adequate amount of blood or to generate an adequate blood pressure
Cardiogenic shock
Fluid overload leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)
increased hydrostatic pressure
Generalized activation of clotting leading to widespread thrombosis, followed by high risk of hemorrhage
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Heart attack leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)
increased hydrostatic pressure
Low protein production leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)
decreased oncotic pressure
Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Atherosclerotic plaque of aorta, iliac, carotid arteries, Organ affected- Legs, brain, GI tract, kidney, Clinical outcome- Stroke, tissue necrosis in leg, GI pain and bleeding, kidney injury
Atheroemboli
Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Deep leg veins, arm veins, organ affected- lungs, clinical outcome-Respiratory insufficiency, chest pain
Venous Thromboemboli
Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Diving (nitrogen), IV, IA, chest trauma, Organ affected- Muscle, joints, lungs, heart, Clinical outcome- Bends (skeletal and joint pain) chokes (lung edema and hemorrhage), respiratory insufficiency, myocardial ischemia
Gas Bubbles
Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Heart, aorta, carotid artery, Organ affected- Legs (75%), brain (10%), Clinical outcome- Stroke, tissue necrosis in the leg
Arterial Thromboemboli
Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Long Bone fractures with venous damage, Organ affected- lungs, Clinical outcome- Respiratory insufficiency 1-3 days post trauma, mental status changes
Fat/Bone Marrow Embolus
Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Mucin-secreting adenocarcinomas, liver, kidney, Organ affected- lungs , Clinical outcome- Respiratory insufficiency, chest pain
Tumor
Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Torn placental membranes, uterine vein rupture, Organ affected- lungs, brain, vasculature, Clinical outcome- Respiratory insufficiency, shock, seizures, DIC, 10% of maternal deaths
Amniotic Fluid
Name the infarct: arterial insufficiency
White
Name the infarct: dense tissue
White
Name the infarct: dual blood supply
Red
Name the infarct: heart, kidney, spleen
White
Name the infarct: loose tissue
Red
Name the infarct: lung, liver, intestine
Red
Name the infarct: no reperfusion
White
Name the infarct: reperfusion occurs
Red
Name the infarct: single blood supply
White
Name the infarct: venous insufficiency
Red
Name the type(s) of shock: arterial vasodilation, causing hypotension and warm, flushed skin
Septic shock
Name the type(s) of shock: coolness and pallor of skin, tachycardia, decreased urine output
Cardiogenic/Hypovolemic
Name the type(s) of shock: low blood pressure and low cardiac output lead to vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and renal conservation of fluid
Cardiogenic/Hypovolemic
Name the type(s) of shock: not responsive to IV fluids
Septic shock
Name the type(s) of shock: vascular leakage, causing hypotension and edema
Septic shock
Name the type(s) of shock: venous blood pooling, causing reduced cardiac output and increased heart rate
Septic shock
Not enough blood volume to widely perfuse all tissues; low cardiac output due to low blood return to the heart
Hypovolemic shock
Pathologic accumulation of blood due to impaired outflow of venous blood
Congestion
Protein loss leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)
decreased oncotic pressure
Re-epithelialization and organ regeneration are characteristic of the _____ repair phase
Suprastructure
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) resulting from microbial infection
Septic shock
Venous obstruction/compression leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)
increased hydrostatic pressure
Virchow’s Triad
Endothelial Injury, Abnormal Blood Flow, Hypercoagulability
