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Disease and Defense > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

_______ is a localized infection resulting in systemic manifestations (high fever, low BP, malaise, confusion progressing to stupor, coma, organ failure), rash resembling a sunburn

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

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2
Q

Actin homolog in bacteria

A

MreB and ParM

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3
Q

Aerobic(-), Anaerobic(+), killed by oxygen, use fermentive metabolism

A

Strict Anaerobe

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4
Q

Aerobic(+), Anaerobic(-), require oxygen, cannot ferment

A

Strict Aerobe

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5
Q

Aerobic(+), Anaerobic(+), ferments in presence or absence of oxygen

A

Indifferent (Aerotolerant)

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6
Q

Aerobic(+), Anaerobic(+), respires in presence of oxygen and ferments in absence of oxygen

A

Facultative Anaerobe

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7
Q

Aerobic(+*), Anaerobic(+), grows best at low concentration of oxygen and can grow without oxygen

A

Microaerophilic

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8
Q

Bacterial plasmids (usually) transfer DNA via physical contact between the donor and recipient cells in the process of _______

A

Conjugation

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9
Q

Bacteriophages transfer segments of DNA from one cell to another in the process of ______

A

Transduction

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10
Q

Clockwise movement of a flagellum give this movement: ______

A

Tumbling

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11
Q

Counterclockwise movement of a flaggelum gives this movement: ______

A

Swimming

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12
Q

degree of pathogenicity, number of microbes required to be introduced into a host for disease to result

A

Virulence

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13
Q

disease caused by an infection with a microbe

A

Infectious disease

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14
Q

Flagella distribution pattern with flagella all over the cell

A

Peritrichous

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15
Q

Flagella distribution pattern with flagella concentrated at one end of the cell

A

Polar

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16
Q

Four Phases of Bacterial Growth

A

Lag; Exponential; Stationary, Death

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17
Q

Gram (-) rods include: ______

A

E. coli and Pseudomonas

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18
Q

Gram + cocci include: _______

A

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus

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19
Q

Gram + rods include: ______

A

Clostridium

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20
Q

Gram-______ bacteria have a thin, sparsely cross-linked peptidoglycan layer and other components located exterior to the peptidoglycan

A

Negative

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21
Q

Gram-_______ bacteria have a thick, extensively cross-linked peptidoglycan wall that also contains teichoic acids

A

Positive

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22
Q

Gram-Negative bacteria crosslink peptidoglycans from ____ to _____

A

DAP; D-Ala

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23
Q

Gram-Positive bacteria crosslink peptidoglycans from ____ to _____

A

L-Lys; D-Ala

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24
Q

Gram(-) (diplo)cocci include: _____

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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25
Q

In gram positive cocci, _______ is typical in walled off infections, while ______ is typical in spreading infections

A

Staphylococcus; Streptococcus

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26
Q

inhibition of microbial growth at drug concentrations tolerated by the host

A

Selective toxicity

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27
Q

Intermediate filament homolog in bacteria

A

crescentin (CreS)

28
Q

Mobile element that can mediate conjugation between cells, in which it is the DNA that is transferred

A

Conjugative Transposon

29
Q

Naked DNA is taken up by competent cells in the process of _______.

A

Transformation

30
Q

Name the two peptidoglycan hexose sugars

A

N-acetylglucuronic acid (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc)

31
Q

Pilus adheres and interferes with neutrophil action, different strains may have antigenically different pili and may even switch antigenic types

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

32
Q

process whereby a microbe enters into a relationship with the host

A

Infection

33
Q

Staph aureus is coagulase-____ while staph epidermis (SSNA) is coagulase-____

A

positive; negative

34
Q

Staph epidermis is also known as _____

A

Staphylococcus Species Not Aureus (SSNA)

35
Q

Staphylococci are catalase-___ and streptococci are catalase-_____

A

positive; negative

36
Q

the ability to cause disease

A

Pathogenicity

37
Q

There is more crosslinking in gram-___ bacteria

A

positive

38
Q

Tubulin homolog in bacteria

A

FtsZ

39
Q

Which bacteria? Most common causes of bacterial endocarditis

A

Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus viridans, and staphylococcus epidermidis

40
Q

Which bacterium genus? Endospore formers that are strict anaerobes and gram+ rods

A

Clostridium

41
Q

Which bacterium? Gain access to bloodstream following dental extractions or manipulations

A

Streptococcus viridans

42
Q

Which bacterium? Can cause HAP and VAP

A

Staphylococcus aureus

43
Q

Which bacterium? Cause of traveler’s diarrhea (ETEC), UTIs, and abdominal infections

A

Escherichia coli

44
Q

Which bacterium? Caused by injuries and others that lead to compromised blood flow, involves production of alpha toxin that kills phagocytic cells and muscle tissue

A

Clostridium Perfringens

45
Q

Which bacterium? Causes conjunctivitis (that progresses to blindness) in infants born to infected mothers?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

46
Q

Which bacterium? Causes strep throat

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

47
Q

Which bacterium? Food poisoning resulting from enterotoxin that interrupts tight junctions between epithelial cells of the ileum

A

Clostridium Perfringens

48
Q

Which bacterium? Gram negative rods with high intrinsic antibiotic resistance and common cause of nosocomial UTIs and pneumonia

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

49
Q

Which bacterium? Gram+ cocci frequently seen in nosocomial infections, often seen as a mixed infection.

A

Enterococcus faecalis and faecium

50
Q

Which bacterium? Gram+ rods associated with diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clostridium difficile

51
Q

Which bacterium? Methicillin resistance is a significant issue

A

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

52
Q

Which bacterium? Most common cause of pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

53
Q

Which bacterium? Most frequent cause of endogenous anaerobic abscess, responsible for more than 80% of abdominal infections

A

Bacteroides fragilis

54
Q

Which bacterium? Obligate intracellular bacterium

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

55
Q

Which bacterium? Post-infection can lead to Rheumatic fever

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

56
Q

Which bacterium? Post-infection complication of glomerulonephritis resulting from Ag-Ab complexes deposited in the kidney that accumulate at the basement membrane, complement-mediated damage to the kidney

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

57
Q

Which bacterium? Produce dextrans that adhere well to teeth and other oral tissues

A

Streptococcus viridans

58
Q

Which bacterium? Produce hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals, have no cell walls and do not stain with gram stain

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

59
Q

Which bacterium? Produces “slime” that enables adherence to implanted devices and growth within a biofilm; important in bacterial endocarditis

A

Staph epidermis

60
Q

Which bacterium? Produces M protein that has over 70 serotypes

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

61
Q

Which bacterium? Produces spores that cannot be destroyed by alcohol-based hand sanitizer

A

Clostridium difficile

62
Q

Which bacterium? Toxin blocks inhibitory interneurons and result in spastic paralysis

A

Clostridium Tetani

63
Q

Which bacterium? Typically involved in mixed infection, cannot be cultured via traditional swabs

A

Anaerobic bacteria

64
Q

Which bacterium? Which gram positive forms clusters of cocci?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

65
Q

Which bacterium? Which toxin that blocks acetylcholine transmission at neuromuscular junctions, resulting in flaccid paralysis

A

Clostridium botulinum

Disease and Defense (16 decks)

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