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Disease and Defense > The Skin > Flashcards

The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

_____ glands: axillary, pubic, and perianal regions; produce milky, viscid, carbohydrate-rich secretion; begin to function during puberty

A

Apocrine Sweat

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2
Q

_____ glands: hybrid sweat glands mainly in axilla

A

Apoeccrine

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3
Q

_____ glands: lubricate thick terminal hairs with oily secretion

A

Sebaceous

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4
Q

_____ glands: oil glands that secrete sebum (lipid mixture)

A

Sebaceous

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5
Q

_____ glands: produce more viscous sweat, become active after puberty, located in axillary and anogenital regions

A

Apocrine Glands

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6
Q

_____ glands: secrete odorless watery sweat, vital in thermoregulation

A

Eccrine

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7
Q

_____ glands: secretion of entire cell

A

Holocrine

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8
Q

_____ glands: traditional Sweat glands distributed over most of the body with water enzyme-rich secretions

A

Eccrine Sweat

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9
Q

______ layer of the dermis: dense connective tissue

A

Reticular

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10
Q

______ layer of the dermis: loose connective tissue immediately under the epidermis

A

Papillary

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11
Q

_________: apical portion of secretory cell cytoplasm pinches off and enters lumen

A

Decapitation secretion

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12
Q

______: attach keratinocytes to each other

A

Desmosomes

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13
Q

______: onion-like arrangement of nervous tissue, involved in vibration and pression, highest density of genitals

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

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14
Q

______: pine cone-like arrangement of nervous tissue, involved in fine touch, highest density on pulps of digits

A

Meissner’s Corpuscles

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15
Q

_____: attach basal cells firmly to basal lamina of dermal-epidermal junction

A

Hemidesmosomes

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16
Q

____melanin: black-brown color

A

Eumelanin

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17
Q

____melanin: yellow to red-brown color

A

Pheomelanin

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18
Q

Adnexal Structures (5)

A

Apocrine Glands, Eccrine Glands, Sebaceous Glands, Hair, Nails

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19
Q

Cell type: form barrier layer, synthesize keratin, involved in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis

A

keratinocytes

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20
Q

Cell type: pigment producing cells (synthesize melanin and supplies it to about 30 nearby keratinocytes)

A

melanocytes

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21
Q

Cell type: Specialized dendritic cells derived from bone marrow stem cells present in the epidermis

A

Langerhans Cells

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22
Q

Collagen Type __: >85% weight of dermis, major component of bone (predominant type)

A

I

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23
Q

Collagen Type __: anchoring fibrils that attach epidermis to dermis

A

VII

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24
Q

Collagen Type __: found in basement membrane zone in dermoepidermal junction, more prominent around blood vessels

A

IV

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25
Q

Collagen Type __: large part of fetal dermis (less in adult), more resistant to scar formation

A

III

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26
Q

Description: circumscribed elevation containing pus, <1cm

A

pustule

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27
Q

Description: circumscribed loss of epidermis and upper dermis

A

ulcer

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28
Q

Description: deep crack or cleavage found in areas of thickened skin

A

fissure

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29
Q

Description: discrete, solid elevated mass; less than 1cm

A

papule

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30
Q

Description: dried blood, serum, or purulent exudate on skin surface; may be thick or thin

A

crust

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31
Q

Description: excess stratum corneum, appearing as white or gray flakes or plates

A

scale

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32
Q

Description: firm and well defined lesion, dermal or subcutaneous, more than 1cm

A

nodule

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33
Q

Description: flat discoloration of skin/mucous membrane, extravasation of blood, color transitions over time

A

Ecchymoses

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34
Q

Description: fluid filled cavity, within or just below epidermis, <1cm

A

vesicle

35
Q

Description: fluid-filled blister, >1cm

A

bulla

36
Q

Description: generalized blanchable redness caused by increased blood flow

A

erythroderma

37
Q

Description: greater than 1cm, flat area of color change

A

patch

38
Q

Description: less than 1cm, flat area of color change

A

macule

39
Q

Description: localized loss of epidermal or mucosal epithelium

A

erosion

40
Q

Description: Localized, blanchable redness, increased blood flow to area

A

erythema

41
Q

Description: raised and palpable discoloration, due to vasculitis and extravasation of blood cells

A

Palpable purpura

42
Q

Description: scab; adherent dry crust colored black

A

eschar

43
Q

Description: solid, flat-topped elevated area of skin, greater than 1cm

A

plaque

44
Q

Description: thinning of tissue

A

atrophy

45
Q

Description: tiny 1-2mm pinpoint spots resulting from tiny hemorrhages

A

Petechiae

46
Q

Description: visible persistent dilation of small subcutaneous blood vessels

A

telangiectasias

47
Q

Eccrine glands are stimulated by _______ release

A

Acetylcholine

48
Q

Epidermal _____ interdigitate with upward projections of dermal papillae

A

rete

49
Q

Epidermis: type of epithelium

A

Stratified Squamous

50
Q

Hair growth stage: _____: growing

A

anagen

51
Q

Hair growth stage: _____: resting

A

telogen

52
Q

Hair growth stage: _____: transitioning

A

catagen

53
Q

Hair has a central _______ (soft keratin), _______ (hard keratin), and ______ (hard keratin)

A

medulla; cortex; cuticle

54
Q

Hair type: ______: dark, course, thick

A

Terminal

55
Q

Hair type: ______: fine, thin, apigmented

A

Vellus

56
Q

Layer of Epidermis: consists of single layer of columnar or cuboidal keratinocytes

A

Stratum basalis

57
Q

Layer of the Epidermis: contain different types of granules

A

Stratum granulosum

58
Q

Layer of the Epidermis: keratinocytes have lost nuclei and organelles, cells are filled with keratin, outermost layer

A

Stratum corneum

59
Q

Layer of the Epidermis: synthesis of involucrin and membrane coating granules begins in this layer, prickly/spiny appearance from desmosome attachments

A

Stratum spinosum

60
Q

Layer of the Epidermis: thin, light staining band only in thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum

61
Q

Melanosome Distribution: Distributed in clusters above the nucleus

A

Light Skin

62
Q

Melanosome Distribution: Distributed individually throughout the cytoplasm

A

Dark Skin

63
Q

Nerve type __ (______ myelinated, _____ conducting): proprioception, touch, muscle stretch receptors

A

A; heavily; fast

64
Q

Nerve type ___ (___ myelinated, _____ conducting): sensation that is diffuse/non-localizing, temperature and itch sensations

A

C; not; slow

65
Q

Procollagen is synthesized _______ and assebled _______.

A

intracellulary; extracellulary

66
Q

Treatment for wrinkles

A

Pure Hyaluronic acid (Restylane)

67
Q

Treatment of alopecia in men

A

Finasteride (Propecia)

68
Q

Treatment of hyperhidrosis

A

Botulinum toxin injection

69
Q

What pathology? Acquired disorder resulting from sun-damaged elastic fibers

A

Solar Elastosis

70
Q

What pathology? blocked sweat ducts, resulting in manifestations dependent on site of blockage (acquired disorder)

A

Milaria

71
Q

What pathology? Congenital disorder with mutations at various stages of collagen synthesis

A

Ehlers-Danlos

72
Q

What pathology? Congenital disorder with poor temperature regulation and other ectodermal manifestations

A

Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

73
Q

What pathology? deficiency of Vitamin C cofactor leading to collagen deficiency

A

Scurvy

74
Q

What pathology? disease of philosebaceous unit with plugged follicular environment, abnormal follicular formation

A

acne

75
Q

What pathology? EDA mutation resulting in severely decreased sweating

A

Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

76
Q

What pathology? excessive sweating due to excessive ACh release

A

Hyperhidrosis

77
Q

What pathology? Hyperextensible joints, fragile blood vessels, poor wound healing

A

Ehlers-Danlos

78
Q

What pathology? keratotic plugging of hairs, perifollicular hemorrhage, corkscrew hairs, hemorrhagic gingivitis

A

Scurvy

79
Q

What pathology? lipofuscin pigment, resulting in colored sweat secretions (yellow, green, blue, or black)

A

Chromohydrosis

80
Q

What pathology? Mutation in MDR gene leading to brittle calcified elastic fibers

A

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

81
Q

What pathology? Plucked chicken skin, systemic hypertension, angioid streaks in the retina

A

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

82
Q

Which pathology? Defective skin barrier function due to loss of function filaggrin mutations

A

Icthyosis Vulgaris and Atopic Dermatitis

83
Q

Which pathology? Flaccid bulla caused by antibodies to ______, which result in ______ blisters.

A

Pemphigous Vulgaris; Desmoglein 1 and 3; intraepidermal

84
Q

Which pathology? Tense bulla caused by antibodies to ______, which result in _______ blisters.

A

Bullous pemphigoid; collagen; subepidermal

Disease and Defense (16 decks)

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