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Disease and Defense > Viral and Fungal Pharmacology > Flashcards

Viral and Fungal Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-Fungal: ______ is similar to Amphotericin B but severe side effects limit its use to topical administration

A

Nystatin

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2
Q

Anti-Fungal: available IV

A

Amphotericin B, Echinocandins, Ketoconazole, Pentamidine

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3
Q

Anti-Fungal: Available IV/IM and via inhalation

A

Pentamidine

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4
Q

Anti-Fungal: Binds to ergosterol and opens pores in fungal cell membrane

A

Amphotericin B

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5
Q

Anti-Fungal: Binds to microtubules and inhibits fungal mitosis

A

Griseofulvin

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6
Q

Anti-Fungal: Converted to 5-fluorouracil by ________ and interferes with DNA synthesis.

A

Flucytosine; deaminase

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7
Q

Anti-Fungal: Echinocandins

A

Caspofungin, Anidulafungin, Micafungin

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8
Q

Anti-Fungal: Fungicidal Classes

A

Amphotericin, Echinocandins (some), Terbinafine

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9
Q

Anti-Fungal: Fungicidal drug with side effects of GI upset, rash, headache, taste disturbance, and CYP disturbance

A

Terbinafine

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10
Q

Anti-Fungal: given with amphotericin B for Cryptococcus, candidiasis, and chromoblastomycosis

A

Flucytosine

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11
Q

Anti-Fungal: Imidazole

A

Ketoconazole, Cotrimazole, Miconazole

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12
Q

Anti-Fungal: Imidazole that is available orally and IV

A

Ketoconazole

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13
Q

Anti-Fungal: Imidazole with hepatic metabolism and excretion in breast milk

A

Ketoconazole

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14
Q

Anti-Fungal: Inhibit protein and nucleic acid synthesis, Treat protozoa

A

Pentamidine

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15
Q

Anti-Fungal: Inhibit synthesis of cell wall component glucan

A

Echinocandins

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16
Q

Anti-Fungal: Inhibition of viral CYP450 leading to decrease in _____ synthesis

A

Triazoles Imidazoles; sterol

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17
Q

Anti-Fungal: Poor oral absorption that is improved with administration of fatty acids

A

Griseofulvin

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18
Q

Anti-Fungal: severe adverse reactions including nephrotoxicity, infusion-related toxicities, and anemia

A

Amphotericin B

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19
Q

Anti-Fungal: Side effects of n/v, anorexia, pruritis, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and drug interactions (strong inhibitor of CYP3A4)

A

Ketoconazole

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20
Q

Anti-Fungal: Terbinafine: interfere with _______ synthesis by inhibition of ________.

A

ergosterol; squalene oxidase

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21
Q

Anti-Fungal: Triazole that enters CSF well

A

Fluconazole

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22
Q

Anti-Fungal: Triazole with Hepatic metabolism

A

Itraconazole

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23
Q

Anti-Fungal: Triazole with topical use only

A

Terconazole

24
Q

Anti-Fungal: Triazoles

A

Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Terconazole

25
Q

Anti-Fungal: used for severe superficial dermatoytosis

A

Griseofulvin

26
Q

Anti-Fungal: Used in life-threatening systemic fungal infections, especially in immunosuppressed patients

A

Amphotericin B

27
Q

Anti-Fungal: used primarily for invasive aspergillosis

A

Caspofungin, Anidulafungin, Micafungin

28
Q

Anti-Fungal: Which has greater selective toxicity? Imidazoles or Triazoles?

A

Triazoles

29
Q

CMV Drugs: administered IV

A

Ganciclovir, Foscarnet

30
Q

CMV Drugs: Compete with dGTP for viral polymerase

A

Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir

31
Q

CMV Drugs: Does not require cellular activation

A

Foscarnet

32
Q

CMV Drugs: Good oral bioavailability

A

Valganciclovir

33
Q

CMV Drugs: Initial phosphorylation by ________; then phosphorylation by _______

A

viral UL97; cellular protein kinases

34
Q

CMV Drugs: inorganic pyrophosphate analog

A

Foscarnet

35
Q

CMV Drugs: less selective toxicity than acyclovir because host kinase can also perform first phosphorylation step

A

Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir

36
Q

CMV Drugs: side effects of severe nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia, as well as CNS disturbances

A

Foscarnet

37
Q

Herpes Drugs: Available IV

A

Acyclovir

38
Q

Herpes Drugs: Available orally

A

Valacyclovir, Famciclovir

39
Q

Herpes Drugs: Available topically only

A

Penciclovir, Vidarabine/Trifluridine, Docosanol

40
Q

Herpes Drugs: Inhibit Viral Genome Replication

A

Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Penciclovir, Famciclovir, Vidarabine/Trifluridine

41
Q

Herpes Drugs: Inhibitor of Viral Genome Replication are initially phosphorylated by ________, and then further phosphorylated by ________.

A

Viral thymidine kinase; cellular protein kinases

42
Q

Herpes Drugs: Inhibitor of Viral Penetration

A

Docosanol

43
Q

Herpes Drugs: Mechanisms of Action

A

Inhibit Viral genome replication, Inhibit Viral Penetration

44
Q

Influenza Drugs: Cover Flu A and B

A

Oseltamavir, Zanamivir, Peramivir

45
Q

Influenza Drugs: Hepatic Excretion

A

Rimantidine

46
Q

Influenza Drugs: Inhalation

A

Zanamivir

47
Q

Influenza Drugs: Inhibition of Neuraminidase (3)

A

Oseltamavir, Zanamivir, Peramivir

48
Q

Influenza Drugs: Inhibition of Viral Uncoating (2)

A

Amantidine, Rimantidine

49
Q

Influenza Drugs: IV

A

Peramivir

50
Q

Influenza Drugs: Modes of Action (2)

A

Inhibit Neuraminidase, Inhibit Viral Uncoating

51
Q

Influenza Drugs: Side effects of bronchospasm in patients with COPD or asthma

A

Zanamivir

52
Q

Influenza Drugs: Sides effects of insomnia, concentration difficulty, lightheadedness/ dizziness

A

Amantidine

53
Q

RSV Drugs: Inhibit Viral RNA expression

A

Ribavirin

54
Q

RSV Drugs: Main side effects of Ribavirin (2)

A

Hemolytic Anemia; Highly teratogenic

55
Q

RSV Drugs: Mechanisms of Action

A

Inhibit Viral RNA expression, Prophylaxis

56
Q

RSV Drugs: Prophylactic, uhmanized monoclonal antibody to _______

A

Palavizumab; F glycoprotein

57
Q

RSV Drugs: Ribavirin is phosphorylated by _______ and inhibits ______

A

cellular kinases; viral mRNA capping

Disease and Defense (16 decks)

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