Fungi and Parasites

Question 1

_____ host: species in which asexual replication occurs

Answer 1

Intermediate

Question 2

_____ host: species in which the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Definite

Question 3

_______ is used to estimate the prevalence of malaria in endemic areas

Answer 3

Splenic enlargement

Question 4

_______: found principally in animals

Answer 4

Zoophilic

Question 5

_______: found principally in soil

Answer 5

Geophilic

Question 6

______: found principally in humans

Answer 6

Anthrophilic

Question 7

Asexual spores borne off of specialized hyphae (conidophores)

Answer 7

Conidia

Question 8

Asexual spores enclosed in a membranous sac that breaks, anchored to mycelium via sporangiophore (stalk)

Answer 8

Sporangia

Question 9

Cell membrane on the inside of the cell wall—contains ______

Answer 9

ergosterol

Question 10

Cryptococcus and Candida are classified as ______.

Answer 10

Yeast

Question 11

Dermatophytes and Aspergillosis are classified as ______.

Answer 11

Mold

Question 12

Elongated yeast linked together like sausages, do not have cytoplasmic connections between compartments

Answer 12

Psuedohyphae

Question 13

Eukaryotic, aerobic, unicellular or filamentous, heterotrophic organisms encased in a rigid cell wall

Answer 13

Fungi

Question 14

Filamentous elements, often branched, grow by apical extension

Answer 14

hyphae

Question 15

Filamentous growth form where fungus reproduces via spores or conidia

Answer 15

Mold

Question 16

Fungi that do not have affixed morphology: may exist in yeast or hyphal form

Answer 16

Dimorphic

Question 17

Have rigid cell walls containing _______ (2)

Answer 17

chitin and cellulose

Question 18

Large, asexual spores

Answer 18

Sporules

Question 19

Live upon another organism to the mutual advantage of both

Answer 19

Symbionts

Question 20

Live upon another organism with clear detriment to the host

Answer 20

Parasites

Question 21

Live upon another organism with no detriment to the host

Answer 21

Commensals

Question 22

Live upon dead and decaying organic matter

Answer 22

Saprobes

Question 23

Malaria: after primary replication in the liver, _______ are released into the blood, infect _______, and undergo additional asexual replication

Answer 23

merozoites; erythrocytes

Question 24

Malaria: infected mosquitos bite humans and inject ______ into the blood

Answer 24

sporozoites

Question 25

Malaria: sexual phase occurs in the ________ where gametes fuse to form zygotes

Answer 25

infected mosquito

Question 26

Malaria: sporozoites can infect ____ cells and replicate

Answer 26

liver

Question 27

Media: fungal media impregnated with chloramphenicol and chlorheximide, inhibits growth of bacteria and saprobes

Answer 27

Mycosel

Question 28

Media: most sensitive, may allow growth of unrelated contaminants

Answer 28

Sabourad's Agar

Question 29

Media: Mycosel-like media with pH indicator that turns agar from red in presence of a dermatophyte

Answer 29

Dermatophyte Test Medium

Question 30

Media: use for fastidious organisms, induces Candida to produce chlamydospores

Answer 30

Cornmeal Agar

Question 31

More numerous and elongated than chlamydospores (barrel shape)

Answer 31

Arthrospores

Question 32

Parasitic Infection: acute manifestations progressing to chronic disease affecting the intestinal or urinary system

Answer 32

Schistosomiasis

Question 33

Parasitic Infection: Affects more than 1 billion people with 1-3 million deaths annually globally

Answer 33

Malaria

Question 34

Parasitic infection: Febrile paroxysms, hemolytic anemia, Glomerulonephritis, multi-organ failure

Answer 34

Malaria

Question 35

Parasitic infection: serum sickness-like illness 4-8 weeks after skin invasion; chronic phase of granulomatous and fibrotic changes in the liver or bladder

Answer 35

Schistosomiasis

Question 36

Schistosomiasis Classification

Answer 36

Trematode/Flatworm

Question 37

Schistosomiasis: _______ penetrate the skin of humans to initiate infection

Answer 37

Cercariae

Question 38

Schistosomiasis: after gaining access to blood, ________ migrate to portal blood and mature into adult worms that migrate to ________.

Answer 38

Schistosomulae; mesenteric veins or bladder venous plexus

Question 39

Schistosomiasis: cercarieae lose their tails and develop into _______ in _______

Answer 39

schistosomulae; human tissues

Question 40

Schistosomiasis: develop as ________ in snails and are released as free-swimming _______.

Answer 40

Sporocytes; cercariae

Question 41

Schistosomiasis: Eggs hatch in _____ and release ______ that infect ______.

Answer 41

freshwater; miracidia; snails

Question 42

Schistosomiasis: Shedding of eggs occurs in ________

Answer 42

Human feces or urine

Question 43

Specialized hyphal elements that grow like roots from larger hyphae

Answer 43

Rhizoids

Question 44

Stains chitinous fungal walls a gray-green color to make examination easier

Answer 44

Chlorazol E Black Stain

Question 45

Stains everything except mucoid capsule (highlights the organism)

Answer 45

India Ink

Question 46

Thick-walled environmentally protective forms of yeast

Answer 46

Sclerotic Bodies

Question 47

Thick-walled, round spores, highly resistant to adverse environmental conditions

Answer 47

Chlamydospores

Question 48

Undergo development but do not replicate in humans

Answer 48

Worms

Question 49

Unicellular growth form with reproduction via budding to form blastoconidia or division in half via fission

Answer 49

Yeast

Question 50

Yeasts that bud asymmetrically

Answer 50

Blastoconidia