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Disease and Defense > Fungi and Parasites > Flashcards

Fungi and Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

_____ host: species in which asexual replication occurs

A

Intermediate

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2
Q

_____ host: species in which the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction

A

Definite

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3
Q

_______ is used to estimate the prevalence of malaria in endemic areas

A

Splenic enlargement

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4
Q

_______: found principally in animals

A

Zoophilic

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5
Q

_______: found principally in soil

A

Geophilic

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6
Q

______: found principally in humans

A

Anthrophilic

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7
Q

Asexual spores borne off of specialized hyphae (conidophores)

A

Conidia

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8
Q

Asexual spores enclosed in a membranous sac that breaks, anchored to mycelium via sporangiophore (stalk)

A

Sporangia

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9
Q

Cell membrane on the inside of the cell wall—contains ______

A

ergosterol

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10
Q

Cryptococcus and Candida are classified as ______.

A

Yeast

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11
Q

Dermatophytes and Aspergillosis are classified as ______.

A

Mold

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12
Q

Elongated yeast linked together like sausages, do not have cytoplasmic connections between compartments

A

Psuedohyphae

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13
Q

Eukaryotic, aerobic, unicellular or filamentous, heterotrophic organisms encased in a rigid cell wall

A

Fungi

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14
Q

Filamentous elements, often branched, grow by apical extension

A

hyphae

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15
Q

Filamentous growth form where fungus reproduces via spores or conidia

A

Mold

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16
Q

Fungi that do not have affixed morphology: may exist in yeast or hyphal form

A

Dimorphic

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17
Q

Have rigid cell walls containing _______ (2)

A

chitin and cellulose

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18
Q

Large, asexual spores

A

Sporules

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19
Q

Live upon another organism to the mutual advantage of both

A

Symbionts

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20
Q

Live upon another organism with clear detriment to the host

A

Parasites

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21
Q

Live upon another organism with no detriment to the host

A

Commensals

22
Q

Live upon dead and decaying organic matter

A

Saprobes

23
Q

Malaria: after primary replication in the liver, _______ are released into the blood, infect _______, and undergo additional asexual replication

A

merozoites; erythrocytes

24
Q

Malaria: infected mosquitos bite humans and inject ______ into the blood

A

sporozoites

25
Q

Malaria: sexual phase occurs in the ________ where gametes fuse to form zygotes

A

infected mosquito

26
Q

Malaria: sporozoites can infect ____ cells and replicate

A

liver

27
Q

Media: fungal media impregnated with chloramphenicol and chlorheximide, inhibits growth of bacteria and saprobes

A

Mycosel

28
Q

Media: most sensitive, may allow growth of unrelated contaminants

A

Sabourad’s Agar

29
Q

Media: Mycosel-like media with pH indicator that turns agar from red in presence of a dermatophyte

A

Dermatophyte Test Medium

30
Q

Media: use for fastidious organisms, induces Candida to produce chlamydospores

A

Cornmeal Agar

31
Q

More numerous and elongated than chlamydospores (barrel shape)

A

Arthrospores

32
Q

Parasitic Infection: acute manifestations progressing to chronic disease affecting the intestinal or urinary system

A

Schistosomiasis

33
Q

Parasitic Infection: Affects more than 1 billion people with 1-3 million deaths annually globally

A

Malaria

34
Q

Parasitic infection: Febrile paroxysms, hemolytic anemia, Glomerulonephritis, multi-organ failure

A

Malaria

35
Q

Parasitic infection: serum sickness-like illness 4-8 weeks after skin invasion; chronic phase of granulomatous and fibrotic changes in the liver or bladder

A

Schistosomiasis

36
Q

Schistosomiasis Classification

A

Trematode/Flatworm

37
Q

Schistosomiasis: _______ penetrate the skin of humans to initiate infection

A

Cercariae

38
Q

Schistosomiasis: after gaining access to blood, ________ migrate to portal blood and mature into adult worms that migrate to ________.

A

Schistosomulae; mesenteric veins or bladder venous plexus

39
Q

Schistosomiasis: cercarieae lose their tails and develop into _______ in _______

A

schistosomulae; human tissues

40
Q

Schistosomiasis: develop as ________ in snails and are released as free-swimming _______.

A

Sporocytes; cercariae

41
Q

Schistosomiasis: Eggs hatch in _____ and release ______ that infect ______.

A

freshwater; miracidia; snails

42
Q

Schistosomiasis: Shedding of eggs occurs in ________

A

Human feces or urine

43
Q

Specialized hyphal elements that grow like roots from larger hyphae

A

Rhizoids

44
Q

Stains chitinous fungal walls a gray-green color to make examination easier

A

Chlorazol E Black Stain

45
Q

Stains everything except mucoid capsule (highlights the organism)

A

India Ink

46
Q

Thick-walled environmentally protective forms of yeast

A

Sclerotic Bodies

47
Q

Thick-walled, round spores, highly resistant to adverse environmental conditions

A

Chlamydospores

48
Q

Undergo development but do not replicate in humans

A

Worms

49
Q

Unicellular growth form with reproduction via budding to form blastoconidia or division in half via fission

A

Yeast

50
Q

Yeasts that bud asymmetrically

A

Blastoconidia

Disease and Defense (16 decks)

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