Virus-virus interaction Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of a virus’ environment

A
  • Another virus
  • Host cell
  • Host organism
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2
Q

When does virus-virus interaction occur?

A
  • During multiplication
  • Simultaneous infection of the same cell
  • Usually between related viruses
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3
Q

Give the types of virus-virus interaction

A
  • Advantageous
    • On NA level (recombination)
    • On protein level
  • Disadvantageous (Interference)
  • Neutral (Virusexaltation)
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4
Q

Whose best?

A

Luke’s best

Cian Ryan is gay

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5
Q

Recombination

A

Exchange of genetic information

  • New virus generation - inherited new properties
  • At least 20-40 nucleotide homology between the viruses is needed
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6
Q

Intramolecular recombination

A
  • Derailing of the polymerase during replication
  • Aujeszky’s disease virus: 70% transfer
  • Sometimes between non-related viruses
  • Also with RNA viruses
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7
Q

Genetic reassortment

A
  • Viruses with a segmented genome
  • Exchange of segments during viral assembly
  • Sudden, major antigenic changes
    • Antigenic shift
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8
Q

Reactivation

A
  • Cross reactivation
    • Attenuated vaccine strain + related virus
    • Repair of the defected virulence-genes
    • i.e herpesvirus
  • Multiple reactivation
    • Between two attenuated virus-strains
    • Different defected genomic regions
    • Mutual completion
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9
Q

Two different live vaccines shouldn’t be used when?

A

Within a short time interval

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10
Q

Complementation

A
  • Between defective and competent (helper) viruses
  • Exchange of enzymes (polymerase)
    • Multiplication of the defected virus
      • Heat sensitive-mutant + wild type virus
      • Avirulent virus + inactivated virulent virus
      • Dependovirus + adenovirus
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11
Q

Phenotype mixing

A
  • Exchange of structural proteins
  • Leukosis + sarcoma virus: Acquiring envelope proteins
  • Transcapsidation
  • Non-heritable
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12
Q

Interference

A

One virus inhibits the multiplication of the other:

  • Adsorption interference
  • Autointerference
  • Heterologous interference
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13
Q

Adsorption interference

A
  • Competition for the same cell-surface receptor
    • Related viruses or
    • After phenotype mixing or
    • Different viruses but the same receptor
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14
Q

Autointerference

A
  • Complete and incomplete forms of the same virus
  • Also at adsorption
  • Incomplete virion:
    • Shorter nucleic acid
    • Higher mobility, polymerase affinity
  • Competition for enzymes, ribosomes
    • Defective interfering particles (DI)
  • Large amounts of incomplete progeny viruses
    • Self-limiting infections
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15
Q

Heterologous interference

A
  • Non-related viruses
  • Vital suppressor protein production
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16
Q

Virusexaltation

A
  • Viruses are able to multiplicate independently
  • Simultaneous infection doesn’t affect the multiplication

But

It changes the viral influence on the host cell or organism:

  • Increased pathogenicity
  • Cytopathic effect appears