Mutation Flashcards
1
Q
Consequences of mutation
A
- Opportunity for adaptation
- Risk of losing advantages/properties
2
Q
What are the causes of mutation
A
Failures in NA replication of:
- Cell
- DNA virus
- RNA virus
3
Q
Give the types of mutation incidence
A
Spontaneous/Induced
4
Q
Causes of induced mutation
A
- Irradiation
- Mutagenic drugs - halogenated uridine
5
Q
Give the forms of mutation that can occur in the NA chain
A
- Point mutation
- Sequence mutations
- Substitution
- Insertion
- Deletion
- Inversion
- Frame shift
6
Q
Give the final types of mutation
A
- Silent mutation
- Lethal mutation
- Conditionally lethal mutation
- Beneficial mutation
7
Q
Silent mutation
A
- No phenotypic change
- Untranslated region
- Redundant translation code
- Non-important amino acid produced
8
Q
Lethal mutation
A
Nonsense (stop)
or
Missense (amino acid change)
9
Q
Conditionally lethal mutation
A
Changes in the multiplication activity
i.e. Thermo-sensitive mutants
10
Q
Give the history of CPV2
A
- 1978: CPV2
- 1979: CPV2a
- 1984: CPV2b
- 2000: CPV2c
11
Q
List the influences of mutations on the viral phenotype
A
- Antigenic change
- Changes in host species specificity
- Changes in organ specificity
- Different tissue tropism (cell cultures)
- Virulence variants
- Cytopathic effects, plaque formation
- Temperature optimum
12
Q
Antigenic change
A
- Escape mutants
- Influenza - antigenic drift
13
Q
Changes in host species specificity
A
- Feline panleukopenia → Canin parvoenteritis
- SIV → HIV
14
Q
Changes in organ specificity
A
- EHV1: Abortion ⇔ EHV4: rhinopneumonitis
- IBR: Rhinotracheitis ⇔ IPV: vulvo-vaginitis
15
Q
Different tissue tropism (cell cultures)
A
Bovine adenovirus - Kidney/testicular cells
