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Virology > RNA multiplication > Flashcards

RNA multiplication Flashcards

1
Q

Steps of transcription, translation + NA replication: Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA)

A
  1. Transcription
  2. Translation
  3. Replication
  4. Late transcription, translation
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2
Q

Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA): Characteristics of multiplication

A

An alien nucleic acid for the cell

  • Intensive interferon response
  • Partial decapsidation
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3
Q

Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA): Examples

A
  • Reoviridae
  • Birnaviridae

Possess a segmented genome

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4
Q

Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA): Transcription

A
  • dsRNA not readable for the ribosomes
  • Viral RdRp - structural:
    • Transcription mode → mRNA synthesis
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5
Q

Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA): Translation

A

Monocistronic coding:

  • Segment → protein
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6
Q

Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA): Replication

A
  • mRNA enters the inner capsid
  • Viral RdRp in replicase mode
    • mRNA supplemented with a negative thread
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7
Q

Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA): Late transcription, translation

A

Assembly of progeny virions

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8
Q

Steps of transcription, translation + NA replication: Single-stranded, positive sense RNA viruses (+ssRNA)

A
  • Transcription
  • Translation
  • Replication
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9
Q

Single-stranded, positive sense RNA viruses (+ssRNA): Transcription

A
  • Genomic RNA → mRNA
    • 5’ methyl capped, 3’ polyadenylated
    • Directly attaches to ribosomes
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10
Q

Single-stranded, positive sense RNA viruses (+ssRNA): Translation

A
  • Polycistronic mRNA
    • Precursor polypeptide
    • Protease cleavage
  • Monocistronic mRNA
    • Subgenomic mRNA synthesis
    • Structural protein production
    • More accurate synthesis control
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11
Q

Give examples of viruses with polycistronic mRNA

A
  • Picornaviruses
  • Flaviviruses
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12
Q

Give examples of viruses with monocistronic mRNA

A
  • Nidovirales
  • Caliciviridae
  • Togaviridae
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13
Q

Single-stranded, positive sense RNA viruses (+ssRNA): Replication

A
  • Viral replicase
  1. Replicative intermediate forms: dsRNA, -ssRNA
  2. -ssRNA is the template for the progeny +ssRNA genome
  3. Translation from the progeny RNA
  4. The + threads incorporate into the progeny virions
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14
Q

Single-stranded, positive sense RNA viruses (+ssRNA): Examples

A
  • Picornaviridae
  • Calciviridae
  • Togaviridae
  • Flaviviridae
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15
Q

Steps of transcription, translation + NA replication: Single-stranded, negative sense RNA viruses (-ssRNA)

A
  1. Transcription
  2. Monocistronic translation
  3. Replication
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16
Q

Single-stranded, negative sense RNA viruses (-ssRNA): Transcription

A
  • Negative-sense RNA
  • Non-readable for the ribosomes
    • → Viral RdRp - structural
  • Transcription mode
    • Complimentary (+) thread synthesis
      • → mRNA
17
Q

Single-stranded, negative sense RNA viruses (-ssRNA): Replication

A
  • RdRp in replication mode
    • → dsRNA in the nucleocapsid
    • → Full-length +ssRNA synthesis
    • → -ssRNA synthesis
  • Finally, negative threads stay in the progeny virions
18
Q

Steps of transcription, translation + NA replication: Viruses using reverse transcriptase

A
  1. Transcription
  2. Translation
  3. Replication
19
Q

Which viral family uses reverse transcriptase

A

Retroviridae

20
Q

Viruses using reverse transcriptase: Transcription

A

Genome uses mRNA but:

  • Reverse transcriptase transcribes to → dsDNA

dsDNA integrates into the cellular genome

Cellular transcriptase → mRNA production

21
Q

Viruses using reverse transcriptase: Translation

A

Polycistronic mRNA - Protease cleavage

22
Q

Viruses using reverse transcriptase: Replication

A

Transcription

  • _​​_mRNA will serve as the genome of the progeny viruses
23
Q

Hepadnaviridae: Circular ss/dsDNA: Transcription

A
  • Repair of the gapped genome: Viral polymerase
  • Cellular transcriptase: mRNA production
    • Short transcripts → Proteins
24
Q

Hepadnaviridae: Circular ss/dsDNA: Translation

A

Monocistronic mRNAs

25
Q

Hepadnaviridae: Circular ss/dsDNA: Replication

A
  • Full-length transcripts of ‘mRNA’
  • Maturation: Viral reverse transcriptase produces complementary DNA thread
  • Circularisation, partly completed to dsDNA
26
Q

Give the importance of eclipse strategies

A
  • Consequences on pathogenesis/epidemiology
  • Detection of intermediate forms
  • In vitro protein expression studies
  • Anti-viral drug development
    • HIV:
      • Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
      • Protease inhibitors

Virology (32 decks)

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