Medicines Flashcards
1
Q
Active immunisation
A
Preventative method
- Most widespread form to control diseases and prevent economic loss
- Drawback: Coexistence with the virus
- Most vaccines do not prevent infection
2
Q
Types of vaccine
A
- Monovalent
- Polyvalent
3
Q
Live virus vaccines
A
- Virulent (wild type) virus vaccines
- Attenuated vaccines
4
Q
Attenuated vaccines
A
- Naturally occurring mutants
- Artificially attenuated viruses
- Heterotypic vaccines
- Virus-vectored vaccines
5
Q
Naturally occurring mutant example
A
Newcastle disease
6
Q
Artificially attenuated viruses
A
- Serial passages
- Selection of thermo-sensitive mutants
- Genetic modification (Deletion mutants)
- Marker, DIVA vaccines
7
Q
Heterotypic vaccines
A
- Marek’s disease
- Smallpox
8
Q
Virus-vectored vaccines
A
Introduction of antigens into pathogenic viruses
9
Q
Inactivated vaccines
A
- The virus cannot multiply
- Inactivating agents
- Adjuvants
- Boostering is necessary
10
Q
Inactivating agents
A
- Formaldehyde
- BPL
11
Q
Adjuvants
A
- Slow antigen release, depo-effect
- Immunostimulation
- Saponine
12
Q
Route of administration:
- Live
- Inactivated
A
- Live: Natural/injection
- Inactivated: Injection
13
Q
Cost of virus dose:
- Live
- Inactivated
A
Live: Low
Inactivated: High
14
Q
Number of doses:
- Live
- Inactivated
A
Live: Single
Inactivated: Multiple
15
Q
Need of adjuvant?:
- Live
- Inactivated
A
Live: No
Inactivated: Yes
28
Q
Anti-idiotype vaccines
A
- Epitope + paratope groups
- Lock + key theory
- Absolutely safe vaccines
29
Q
Anti-idiotype vaccine production
A
- Animal species ‘A’ immunised with viral antigen
- Anti-viral IgG ‘A’ is purified
- Animal species ‘B’ is immunised with antiviral IgG ‘A’
- Anti-(IgG ‘A’) IgG ‘B’ is purified
- Fab of IgG ‘B’ → Viral antigen (Usually with monoclonal antibodies)
